地下水典型污染源全过程监控及预警方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-24 18:41

【摘要】：地下水资源作为重要的水资源,近年来其污染日益严重,给人类健康带来了严重的威胁。地下水污染具有复杂性、隐蔽性以及难治理等特点,针对地下水污染防控的核心问题是建立地下水的监控及预警体系。建立监控预警体系可有效遏制突发性地下水污染的发生,最大限度的减少安全和健康问题。按照污染源-污染途径-保护目标‖的地下水污染过程,提出针对污染源建立全过程监控体系,实现对污染源的全过程监控,并利用监控数据进行污染预警。本文针对地下水污染监控及预警的实际问题,取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)建立基于污染物含量、污染物危害性、污染物迁移性以及是否为我国优先控制污染物‖4因子的特征污染物筛选体系。根据环保部2011年完成的《全国地下水基础环境状况调查评估》,以四类典型污染源(加油站、生活垃圾填埋场、铜矿开采及高尔夫球场)为例,进行特征污染物的筛选并确定了监控目标污染物。其中加油站和高尔夫球场特征污染物主要为有机物类,矿山开采特征污染物为重金属离子类,生活垃圾填埋场特征污染物主要为无机物类。(2)为提高监控能力,同时针对地下水自动化监控的要求。本文选取几个水质参数进行初步探讨,并在室内进行了典型污染源特征污染物响应的初步研究,并建立初步的响应模型。室内试验研究结果表明:部分水质参数(p H、ORP、EC)对典型污染源特征污染物存在明显的响应关系,可作为污染源地下水实时监控指标。(3)按照风险源-污染途径-保护目标‖的地下水污染过程,针对污染源提出建立全过程监控体系,监控过程包括:污染源渗漏监控、非饱和带监控、饱和带监控和基于保护目标的地下水监控。其中污染源渗漏监控属于源监控,场区非饱和带监控和饱和带监控属于途径监控,基于保护目标的地下水监控属于保护目标监控。地下水渗漏监控技术可及时查明风险源泄漏点,防止风险源大量泄漏导致的地下水污染,针对渗漏监控技术的研究主要是对现有成熟的渗漏监控技术进行分析,从经济性以及技术性进行筛选,为污染源提供渗漏监控技术筛选方法;地下水非饱和带监控采用pH、ORP、EC自动化监测手段,利用水平监控井技术对渗漏设备或设施下方非饱和带进行监控,当污染源发生突发大量泄漏时,可做出快速响应;基于饱和带监控和保护目标的地下水监测以监控井作为主要纽带,对各污染源监控井布设进行探讨。(4)结合地下水全过程监控体系,提出地下水水质预警的框架与模式。采用地下水途径监控技术,分两级预警模式,首先污染源非饱和带初级监控预警系统,同时运用响应模型以及控制图理论确定地下水预警警戒线,共同实现地下水的污染初预警。该监控预警模式自动化程度较高,可在污染事件发生的初期侦测到污染;其次场区饱和带监控预警系统,当非饱和带预警系统监控到地下水可能受到污染后,通过现场采样,实验室指标化验等方式,判断非饱和带监控初预警是预警事件还是误报。随后根据场区范围各监控井饱和带水质监测数据,对其污染程度做出准确评价,并预报警度(蓝色、黄色、橙色和红色)。
[Abstract]:As an important water resource, groundwater resources have become a serious threat to human health in recent years. The core problem of groundwater pollution prevention and control is to establish the monitoring and early warning system of groundwater. The establishment of the monitoring and early warning system can effectively stop the occurrence of sudden underground water pollution and minimize the safety and health problems. According to the pollution source-pollution approach-the groundwater pollution process in the target area is protected, the whole process monitoring system for the pollution source is proposed, the whole process monitoring of the pollution source is realized, and the monitoring data is used for carrying out pollution early warning. In the light of the practical problems of the monitoring and early warning of groundwater pollution, the main research results are as follows: (1) Establish a feature pollutant screening system based on the pollutant content, the pollutant hazard, the pollutant migration and whether to give priority to the pollutants in China. According to the survey and assessment of the environmental condition of the national underground water completed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2011, the screening of the characteristic pollutants and the monitoring of the target pollutants are carried out in the following four types of typical pollution sources (gas stations, domestic refuse landfill, copper mine and golf course). In which the characteristic pollutants of the gas station and the golf course are mainly organic matters, and the mining characteristic pollutants of the mine are heavy metal ions, and the characteristic pollutants of the domestic refuse landfill are mainly inorganic substances. (2) To improve the monitoring capability, and to meet the requirements of the automatic monitoring of the underground water. In this paper, a preliminary study of several water quality parameters is carried out, and a preliminary study on the characteristic pollutant response of typical pollution sources is carried out in the room, and a preliminary response model is established. The results of the indoor test show that some water quality parameters (p H, ORP, EC) have obvious response to the typical pollutant source characteristics, and can be used as the real-time monitoring index of the pollution source groundwater. (3) According to the risk source-pollution approach-to protect the groundwater pollution process of the target site, the whole process monitoring system shall be established for the pollution source, and the monitoring process includes the monitoring of the pollution source, the monitoring of the unsaturated zone, the monitoring of the saturation zone and the monitoring of the groundwater based on the protection target. The monitoring of the pollution source leakage belongs to the source monitoring, the monitoring of the unsaturated zone in the site and the monitoring of the saturation zone belong to the way monitoring, and the monitoring of the underground water based on the protection target belongs to the monitoring of the protection target. The groundwater leakage monitoring technology can identify the risk source leakage point in time and prevent the underground water pollution caused by the large amount of leakage of the risk source, The invention provides a method for screening a leakage monitoring technology for a pollution source, a pH value, an ORP and an EC automatic monitoring method are adopted for monitoring the unsaturated zone of the underground water, The rapid response can be made; the monitoring and monitoring of the groundwater based on the monitoring and protection of the saturation zone is used as the main link, and the monitoring well layout of each pollution source is discussed. (4) The framework and model of the early warning of groundwater quality are put forward in combination with the monitoring system of the whole process of underground water. The groundwater approach monitoring technology and the two-stage early-warning mode are adopted, first, the primary monitoring and early-warning system of the non-saturated zone of the pollution source is adopted, the response model and the control chart theory are used to determine the pre-warning warning line of the underground water, and the early-warning of the groundwater pollution is realized. The monitoring and early warning mode has high degree of automation, can detect the pollution in the early stage of the pollution event, And judging whether the pre-warning of the unsaturated belt monitoring is an early warning event or a false alarm. The water quality monitoring data of each monitoring well is then monitored according to the range of the field area, and the pollution degree of the monitoring well is accurately evaluated, and the warning degree (blue, yellow, orange and red) is predicted.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X523

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