新疆工业危险废物污染防治现状分析与对策研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 14:29

【摘要】：随着当前环境保护工作重点逐渐从水、气污染治理转向危险废物环境风险防控,危险废物污染防治工作得到社会的关注和政府的重视,以及新疆工业化的快速发展,各种种类繁多、成分复杂、危害性高危险废物大量产生,危险废物环境风险、防治压力大增,同时新疆危险废物污染防治工作水平落后、能力建设薄弱,急需系统的研究,全面掌握危险废物产生区域、行业、危险废物种类、重点企业、危险废物处置利用能力等污染防治现状,研究制定出适合新疆的污染防治对策。本文通过研究,形成结论如下:(1)新疆“十二五”期间危险废物产生量呈下降趋势,总体处置率呈上升趋势,“十二五”期间全区工业危险废物产生共涉及最多达到858家企业,危险废物产生种类达到全部49类危险废物中的29类,2010年-2014年危险废物产生量分别为66.48万吨、68.8万吨、34.06万吨、30.17万吨、47.18万吨,总体呈下降趋势。(2)新疆危险废物主要集中在新疆工业发展水平高的克拉玛依、乌鲁木齐、巴州、阿克苏地区、伊犁州、吐鲁番地区等6个地州,全区产生量较小的地州为克州、博州、阿勒泰,为全区工业化水平较低的地区,和田地区无工业源危险废物产生。危险废物产生量大的行业依次是石油和天然气开采业、石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业、有色金属冶炼和压延加工业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业、化学原料和化学制品制造业等5个行业,产生量占全部的90%以上。危险废物产生量大的种类主要是HW35废碱(石油化工)、废矿物油(石油开采、石油化工)、HW34废酸(金属冶炼)、蒸精馏残渣HW11、HW42(化工行业)等,与危险废物分布行业基本保持一致。目前新疆危险废物经营单位共能处置利用46种危险废物合计处置利用能力达到79万吨。其中HW08类合计60万多吨,是全疆危险废物处置利用能力最大的种类,其次是HW42类合计6.25万吨,HW35类合计2万吨,HW34类合计1.4万吨,HW06类合计1.2万吨,HW11类合计1万吨。(3)通过分析,新疆还存在危险废物处置利用率虚高,危险废物处置能力种类分布不均,呈现个别种类过剩和部分种类不足并存,危险废物综合处置设施不能满足当前需要,危险废物监管能力不足,危险废物家底掌握还不够全面和准确,危险废物管理能力与实际工作需求不匹配,危险废物环境管理工作处于环境保护工作的边缘态势未得到改善,现有法律法规落实不到位,缺乏符合实际的地方配套法律法规等问题。(4)通过相关性分析,GDP与单位GDP危险废物产生量呈明显负相关关系,即随着国民经济发展,说明经济水平的发展与危险废物产生强度有很大的关系GDP的增长,单位GDP危险废物产生强度降低。经预测2015年-2020年危险废物产生量呈缓慢上升趋势。(5)通过研究,通过加强危险废物污染源头化控制,严格准入,强化审核审批,加大落后产能淘汰,优化工业布局,加快危险废物处置设施建设,加强危险废物环境管理工作,完善基础数据统计工作,加强固体废物环境监管力度,环境监管能力建设,机制体制完善,法律法规建设等对策能使新疆危险废物污染防治水平得到提高。
文内图片：

图片说明：“十二五”危险废物产生量变化趋势图
[Abstract]:With the focus of the current environmental protection work, the attention of the society and the attention of the government, as well as the rapid development of the industrialization of Xinjiang, are gradually changed from the water, the gas pollution control to the risk prevention and control of the environmental risk of the hazardous waste, the prevention and control of the pollution of the hazardous waste, and the rapid development of the industrialization of the Xinjiang, The hazardous and high hazardous waste production, the environmental risk of hazardous wastes and the pressure of the prevention and control of hazardous wastes are greatly increased. At the same time, the pollution prevention and control work of the hazardous waste in Xinjiang is backward, the ability to build is weak, the research of the system is urgently needed, the hazardous waste generation area, the industry and the hazardous waste are comprehensively mastered, The pollution prevention and control status of the key enterprises, hazardous waste disposal and utilization capability and other pollution prevention and control measures have been developed and the pollution prevention and control measures suitable for Xinjiang have been developed. The results are as follows: (1) The production of hazardous wastes in the "12th Five-Year" of Xinjiang is decreasing, the overall disposal rate is on the rise, and the total industrial hazardous waste in the whole area of the "12th Five-Year" has reached 858 enterprises. The types of hazardous wastes reach Class 29 in all 49 hazardous wastes. The production volume of hazardous wastes in 2010-2014 is 66.48 million tons, 68.8 million tons, 34.06 million tons, 30.17 million tons, 47.18 million tons, and the overall trend of decline. (2) The hazardous wastes in Xinjiang are mainly concentrated in six prefectures, such as the Karamay, Urumqi, Bazhou, Aksu, Ili and Turpan, which have a high level of industrial development in Xinjiang. In the region with lower industrial level of the whole region, no industrial source hazardous waste is produced in the Hetian region. The industry in which the production of hazardous wastes is large is in turn petroleum and natural gas production, petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry. And the production amount accounts for more than 90 percent of all. The types of hazardous wastes are mainly HW35 waste alkali (petrochemical), waste mineral oil (petroleum exploitation, petrochemical industry), HW34 waste acid (metal smelting), steam distillation residue HW11, HW42 (chemical industry) and so on, and is basically consistent with the hazardous waste distribution industry. At present, the total disposal and utilization capacity of 46 kinds of hazardous wastes in Xinjiang's hazardous waste management unit can reach 79 million tons. Among them, the total number of HW08 is more than 600,000 tons, which is the largest category for the disposal and utilization of hazardous wastes in the whole region. The second is the total of 6.25 million tons of HW42, 20,000 tons of HW35, 1.4 million tons of HW34, 1.2 million tons of HW06 and 10,000 tons of HW11. (3) Through the analysis, there are also the waste disposal and utilization rate of hazardous wastes in Xinjiang, the distribution of the types of hazardous waste disposal capacity is not uniform, the surplus and partial types of hazardous wastes exist, and the comprehensive disposal facilities of the hazardous waste can not meet the current needs, and the supervision capacity of the hazardous wastes is not sufficient. The control of hazardous waste is not comprehensive and accurate, the management ability of hazardous wastes is not matched with the actual work demand, the environmental management of hazardous wastes is not improved, and the existing laws and regulations are not in place. The lack of practical local supporting laws and regulations and other issues. (4) According to the correlation analysis, the GDP is negatively correlated with the unit GDP hazardous waste production, that is, with the development of the national economy, the development of the economic level and the intensity of the hazardous waste production have a great relationship with the growth of GDP, and the production intensity of the unit GDP hazardous waste is reduced. It is predicted that the amount of hazardous waste in the period of 2015 to 2020 is slowly rising. (5) To improve the management of hazardous waste management and improve the statistical work of the basic data by strengthening the control of the pollution source of hazardous wastes, strictly controlling the access, strengthening the examination and approval, increasing the backward production capacity, optimizing the industrial layout, accelerating the construction of the hazardous waste disposal facilities, strengthening the management of the hazardous waste environment, and improving the statistical work of the basic data, The measures to strengthen the environmental supervision of solid waste, the construction of environmental supervision capacity, the perfection of the mechanism and the construction of laws and regulations can improve the level of pollution prevention and control of hazardous waste in Xinjiang.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X327

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