基于改进型痕迹能量法的汽车非稳态行驶速度研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:05

本文关键词： 事故研究车速计算痕迹能量法等效附着系数 PC-Crash仿真　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交通事故问题研究中,事故车辆车速的计算是分析和处理交通事故必不可少的重要环节,对交通事故责任判定有重要的影响,如何对汽车非稳态行驶时的车速进行准确的测算,国内外的学者们已经进行了大量的研究,提出了诸多有价值的计算方法。其中,痕迹能量法是最传统的车速计算方法,但在实际应用过程中,传统型痕迹能量法的计算精度较差,有关利用痕迹能量法和车辆等效附着系数计算车速的研究也鲜有文献提及,为进一步提高痕迹能量法车速计算的精度,需要进行更深入的研究。本文为提高车辆附着系数计算精度,解决传统型痕迹能量法中附着系数需假定为固定值的缺陷,应用汽车制动载荷转移原理和附着系数椭圆方程,建立汽车非同步制动等效附着系数数学模型和制动发生旋转侧滑时的纵横联合等效附着系数数学模型,并基于两者建立汽车制动滑移时的等效附着系数数学模型。针对传统型痕迹能量法忽略部分汽车制动能量损失而导致计算精度低的问题,本文通过分析汽车制动时整车的能量损失,在传统型痕迹能量法数学模型的基础上,结合整车等效附着系数、汽车质心运动轨迹方程和汽车侧滑旋转能量损失方程,建立改进型痕迹能量法数学模型,并提出一种基于改进型痕迹能量法的车速精确计算方法。为验证改进型痕迹能量法具有高精度的特性,本文通过附着系数测量试验获得了沥青路面测试路段道路附着系数的数据,结合交通事故案例实测数据,进行了传统型痕迹能量法和改进型痕迹能量法的仿真计算,并同案例监控视频获得的车速相比较,验证了本文提出的改进型痕迹能量法具有高精度的特性。结合改进型痕迹能量法和奥地利的PC-Crash交通事故仿真软件,将所获得的交通事故仿真结果和案例真实场景相比较,验证了本文提出的改进型痕迹能量法的正确性。本文旨在解决传统型痕迹能量法精度不高的问题,提高交通事故车辆车速的计算精度,并为车辆附着系数计算、汽车运动状态分析等交通事故问题的研究提供一定的理论参考,为交通司法提供更加准确、公正的分析数据。
[Abstract]:In the study of traffic accident problem, the calculation of vehicle speed is an essential link to analyze and deal with traffic accident. It has an important effect on judging the responsibility of traffic accident. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research and put forward a lot of valuable calculation methods. Among them, trace energy method is the most traditional method of speed calculation, but in the process of practical application, The traditional trace energy method has a poor calculation accuracy, and the research on the use of trace energy method and vehicle equivalent adhesion coefficient to calculate the vehicle speed is seldom mentioned in the literature, in order to further improve the accuracy of the trace energy method speed calculation. In order to improve the accuracy of vehicle attachment coefficient calculation and solve the defect that the attachment coefficient of traditional trace energy method is assumed to be a fixed value, the principle of vehicle braking load transfer and the elliptic equation of attachment coefficient are applied in this paper. The mathematical model of the equivalent adhesion coefficient of automobile non-synchronous brake and the mathematical model of the equivalent adhesion coefficient of the longitudinal and horizontal joint when the braking occurs rotating side slip are established. The mathematical model of equivalent adhesion coefficient is established based on the two methods. The traditional trace energy method neglects part of the braking energy loss, which leads to the low accuracy of calculation. In this paper, the energy loss of the whole vehicle during braking is analyzed. On the basis of the traditional trace energy method mathematical model, the equivalent adhesion coefficient of the whole vehicle, the motion trajectory equation of the vehicle mass center and the energy loss equation of the side slip rotation of the vehicle are combined. A mathematical model of improved trace energy method is established, and an accurate calculation method of vehicle speed based on improved trace energy method is proposed to verify the high accuracy of the improved trace energy method. In this paper, the data of road adhesion coefficient of asphalt pavement testing section are obtained through the attachment coefficient measurement test, and the traditional trace energy method and the improved trace energy method are simulated and calculated by combining the measured data of traffic accident cases. Compared with the speed obtained from the case monitoring video, the improved trace energy method proposed in this paper has high accuracy. The improved trace energy method is combined with the PC-Crash traffic accident simulation software in Austria. The result of traffic accident simulation is compared with the real scene of a case to verify the correctness of the improved trace energy method proposed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that the accuracy of the traditional trace energy method is not high. To improve the accuracy of vehicle speed calculation, and to provide a theoretical reference for the study of traffic accident, such as the calculation of vehicle adhesion coefficient and the analysis of vehicle motion state, and to provide more accurate and fair analysis data for traffic justice.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491.31

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