高速公路隧道群路段驾驶人视觉明暗适应变化规律研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:39

本文选题：高速公路　切入点：驾驶人　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来我国高速公路隧道数量及里程急剧增长，山区隧道群路段隧道密集、间距短，进出口光环境急剧变化，使得驾驶环境在较短时间和空间内频繁改变，对驾驶人的心理和生理造成较大影响，安全隐患突出。资料显示，大部分公路隧道交通事故与驾驶人相关，，车辆运行中驾驶人主要靠视觉获取交通信息，在隧道群路段遭遇的视觉明暗适应过程会严重影响信息的感知过程，造成短暂的视觉“空白”，极易引发交通事故。本文在对高速公路隧道群路段环境特征调研的基础上，结合对433起典型公路隧道交通事故的系统归纳，分析特殊路段交通事故时空分布特征及事故诱因，基于驾驶人视觉适应理论，确定将瞳孔面积作为驾驶人视觉明暗适应表征参数。随机选取一定样本量的驾驶人开展道路实车实验，利用眼动仪记录驾驶人瞳孔面积数据，照度计测量环境光照度值，其他设备记录相关参数。运用一元非线性回归分析，得出隧道环境光照度E与距隧道进出口的距离d之间的幂函数关系。统计分析非隧道路段、隧道群不同区段之间的瞳孔面积差异性，选定50m为一个单位，分析独立单一隧道进出口段驾驶人瞳孔面积变化规律，运用数理建模方法定量分析驾驶人瞳孔面积Q随环境光照度E的变化规律，发现ln(Q/E)与ln(E)之间具有线性函数关系，构建了驾驶人瞳孔面积与环境光照度之间的幂函数关系模型，同时给出瞳孔面积变化速度VQ与车速v、环境光照度E和距离d之间的关系模型。根据隧道进出口内外光环境变化规律，对高速公路隧道进行“3区段”划分。针对车辆在隧道群路段行驶时驾驶人经历的光线明暗适应交替过程，提出隧道群路段“6小段”划分方式。分析了包（头）茂（名）高速西（安）-柞（水）段上行方向典型隧道群路段的驾驶人瞳孔面积变化规律。构建表征隧道连接段驾驶人视觉负荷水平大小的瞳孔面积最大差值QM V与隧道连接段长度L f之间的二次曲线模型，从满足驾驶人顺适通过的心理生理要求出发，提出了改善隧道群特殊路段环境光照度的建议措施。
[Abstract]:The number of highway tunnel in China and the mileage increase sharply in recent years, the mountain tunnel group section tunnel spacing is short, dense, import and export of rapidly changing light environment, the driving environment change frequently in a short period of time and space, resulting in a greater impact on the driver's psychological and physiological, safety hazards prominent. Data shows, most of highway traffic accidents the tunnel and the driver, vehicle drivers mainly rely on visual traffic information, the tunnel group section suffered visual dark adaptation process will seriously affect the perception of the process of information, resulting in short vision of "blank", easily lead to accidents.
Based on highway tunnel group section environmental characteristics research, combined with the system of 433 typical highway tunnel traffic accident summary, analysis of special traffic accidents in temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and factors driving people visual adaptation based on the theory of determining the pupil area as the driver's visual light dark adaptation parameters. To carry out road vehicle characterization the randomly selected sample of the driver, the driver pupil area data using eye tracker, the illuminance meter measuring the illuminance values in the environment, other devices to record relevant parameters. Using regression analysis, a nonlinear element, the tunnel illumination environment E and the tunnel import and export of the distance d between the power function relationship. Statistical analysis of non the tunnel section, the pupil area between different sections of the tunnel group difference, 50m was selected as a unit, independent analysis of single tunnel entrance pupil driver Area changes, using the quantitative mathematical modeling method to analyze the changes of pupil area with Q driver environment illumination E, ln (Q/E) and ln (E) with linear function, constructs the power function relation model between the driver and the pupil area ambient illumination, and gives the rate of change of the pupil area VQ and V speed, illumination and distance relation model between the D E environment.
According to the tunnel import and export changes of light environment inside and outside the "3 section" division of highway tunnel. According to the vehicle in the road when driving tunnels through the light dark adaptation processes, the tunnel group section "6 small" division. Analysis of the package (head) Mao (name) West (ANN) high speed - oak (water) driver pupil area variation section upstream of the typical tunnel sections of the tunnel construction group. Characterization of connecting section of the driver's visual load level the size of the pupil area maximum difference V and two QM tunnel connecting curve between F length from L model, meet the psychological and physiological requirements of the driver goes on smoothly. And put forward improvement suggestions and measures of tunnel group of special section of ambient illumination.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U459.2;U471.3

【参考文献】