基于多式交通均衡的公交专用道设置分析与优化

发布时间：2018-04-29 11:52

本文选题：交通运输工程 + 公交专用道　；参考：《中南大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：公交专用道设置是公交优先政策的重要手段之一,在提高公交运行效率、改善公交服务质量、增强公交系统吸引力和提高公交出行率方面具有显著效果。目前国内外很多城市都通过设立公交专用道,达到缓解城市交通拥堵的目的。公交专用道设置方案的分析与优化,涉及到交通网络环境和交通管理措施等多方面因素。本文在考虑交通网络降级和拼车条件下,研究公交专用道的优化与评价问题。公交专用道设置方案是交通管理者与出行者之间的斯坦伯格博弈的结果,出行者的方式选择最终达到单人驾驶、拼车和公交三种交通方式下的均衡状态。首先,考虑小汽车和公交两种出行方式,基于多式交通网络均衡研究公交专用道与公交开行频率的组合优化。采用双层规划描述该情形下的斯坦伯格博弈,并设计了求解模型的遗传算法,将组合优化方案与全设和全不设两种极端设置方案进行比较,并分析了需求水平对交通均衡状态及组合优化方案的影响。其次,在考虑拼车的条件下,研究公交专用道设置分析与评价。将小汽车出行方式细分为单人驾驶和拼车两种方式,在讨论公交专用道设置与否的同时,讨论是否允许拼车用户使用公交专用道,建立对应的交通均衡模型,优化公交频率与公交专用道设置方案,并分析了需求水平和人口密度对交通均衡状态及优化方案的影响。第三,在考虑交通网络降级的情况下,研究公交专用道设置分析与评价。通过引入道路网络随机降级,考虑出行时间不确定和用户风险厌恶水平对出行费用的影响,基于公交和小汽车两种出行方式的交通均衡状态,对降级路网中的公交专用道设置方案进行评价,并分析了路网降级幅度、用户风险厌恶水平以及公交车站等待时间不确定性与道路降级的关联程度对交通均衡状态及优化方案的影响。最后,综合考虑交通网络降级和拼车,研究公交专用道与公交开行频率的优化问题,分析路网降级幅度、用户风险厌恶水平以及公交车站等待时间不确定性与道路降级的关联程度对考虑公交、拼车、单人驾驶三种交通方式的降级交通系统及优化方案的影响。论文针对上述各种情形,分别进行了算例分析,验证了模型的正确性和算法的有效性,揭示了公交专用道设置的相关规律和特征,能够为合理设置公交专用道提供科学依据和理论支撑。
[Abstract]:Bus lane setting is one of the important means of public transport priority policy. It has remarkable effect on improving the efficiency of public transportation, improving the service quality of public transportation, enhancing the attraction of public transportation system and increasing the bus travel rate. At present, many cities and cities at home and abroad have achieved the purpose of alleviating urban traffic congestion through the establishment of public transit lanes.
The analysis and optimization of the scheme of bus lane setting involves many factors such as traffic network environment and traffic management measures. In this paper, the optimization and evaluation of bus lanes are studied under the consideration of traffic network degradation and carpool conditions. The bus lane setting scheme is the Steinberg game between traffic managers and travelers. As a result, the choice of travellers eventually reached the equilibrium state of three modes of transportation: single driving, carpool and public transport.
Firstly, considering two kinds of travel modes of car and bus, the combination optimization of bus lane and bus opening frequency is studied based on multimodal traffic network equilibrium. Double deck programming is used to describe the Steinberg game in this case, and a genetic algorithm for solving the model is designed, and the combined optimization scheme is completely set up and no two extreme settings are set up. The case is compared and the influence of demand level on traffic equilibrium and combination optimization is analyzed.
Secondly, under the consideration of carpool, the analysis and evaluation of bus lane setting are studied. The mode of car travel is divided into two ways of single driver and carpool. In the discussion of whether the bus lane is set or not, it is discussed whether the bus users are allowed to use the bus lane, and the corresponding traffic equilibrium model is established, and the bus frequency is optimized and the bus frequency is optimized. The scheme of bus lane is set up, and the influence of demand level and population density on traffic equilibrium state and optimization scheme is analyzed.
Third, considering the degradation of traffic network, the analysis and evaluation of bus lane setting are studied. By introducing the random degradation of road network, taking into account the influence of travel time uncertainty and the level of user risk aversion on travel costs, based on the two travel equilibrium state of bus and car, the public transit in the downgrade road network The special channel setting scheme is evaluated, and the influence of the level of road network downgrade, the level of user's risk aversion and the degree of the uncertainty of the waiting time of the bus station and the degree of the road downgrade on the state of the traffic equilibrium and the optimization scheme are also analyzed.
At last, considering the downgrade and carpool of traffic network, the optimization problem of bus lane and bus opening frequency is studied, and the level of road network downgrade, the level of user risk aversion and the degree of the connection between the uncertainty of the waiting time of the bus station and the downgrade of the road are considered to consider the degrading transportation system of three kinds of traffic modes, which consider the bus, the car and the single man driving. The influence of the system and the optimization scheme.
In view of all the above situations, the paper carries out an example analysis to verify the correctness of the model and the validity of the algorithm. It reveals the relevant rules and characteristics of the bus lane setting, and can provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the rational setting of bus lane.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17

【参考文献】