城市单层大型公交车乘客疏散风险分析

发布时间：2018-05-21 00:05

本文选题：公交车 + 疏散　；参考：《中国安全科学学报》2014年10期

【摘要】：为评价城市单层大型公交车的安全性,根据公交车空间狭窄和人员密集的特点,从乘客疏散逃生的角度分析单层大型公交车的疏散风险,构建疏散模型,并进行模拟分析。研究公交车内部结构、出口宽度以及人员密度对疏散风险的影响。得出公交车载客数量风险轴和密度风险预警阈值。当公交车内部设多排双列座椅、窄通道时,后部座椅区乘客疏散时间为中部车门附近乘客疏散时间的8~10倍;车前门通道的瓶颈式结构限制其疏散能力,增加中部车门处的流动风险。结果表明:增加车门宽度和减小乘客密度是降低公交车疏散风险的主要途径;同时,应从改善公交车内部结构、提高前车门疏散效力、预警并控制乘客密度3个方面采取措施,降低疏散风险。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the safety of single layer bus, according to the characteristics of narrow space and dense staff, the evacuation risk of single layer large bus was analyzed from the point of view of passenger evacuation, and the evacuation model was constructed and simulated. The influence of bus internal structure, exit width and personnel density on evacuation risk was studied. The risk axis of the number of buses carrying passengers and the warning threshold of density risk are obtained. When the bus has multiple rows of double-row seats and narrow passage, the evacuation time of passengers in the rear seat area is 8 or 10 times longer than that near the central door, and the bottleneck structure of the front entrance of the bus restricts its ability to evacuate. Increases the flow risk at the middle door. The results show that increasing the door width and reducing the passenger density are the main ways to reduce the risk of bus evacuation, at the same time, measures should be taken to improve the internal structure of the bus, improve the evacuation effectiveness of the front door, warn and control the passenger density. Reduce evacuation risk.
【作者单位】：武汉理工大学危机与灾害研究中心;上海市建筑科学研究院工程结构安全重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助(51308526) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(WUT:2014-IV-006)
【分类号】：U492.8

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