高速公路立交分合流区和收费站交通冲突研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 16:22

本文选题：高速公路 + 分合流区　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着高速公路的快速发展，道路交通安全问题日益突出。高速公路分合流区和收费站作为高速公路的重要组成部分，它的安全问题急需进一步研究。针对传统事故统计方法需要大量历史事故数据的实际问题，同时冲突与事故存在很大的相似性，越来越多的学者开始利用交通冲突技术分析和评价交通安全问题。综上考虑，本文以高速公路立交分合流区及收费站为研究对象，开展将交通冲突技术应用于高速公路安全评价的研究工作。首先，通过分析高速公分合流区及收费站的交通冲突类型，制定了数据采集和提取方案，并对各分合流区和收费站的交通组成、运行速度、车头时距等交通流特性进行了分析。其次，，从以时间和空间为度量的常见交通冲突指标模型入手，结合采集到的车型、车速、车头时距等基于车辆个体的交通流参数数据，建立了基于碰撞时间（TTC）的追尾冲突计算模型，给出了基于后侵占时间（PET）的变道冲突计算方法；最后计算了各分合流区及收费站的追尾冲突数量和变道冲突数量。在分析交通冲突不同影响因素的基础上，确定了分合流区及收费站追尾冲突和变道冲突预测模型的自变量，建立了追尾冲突与变道冲突的预测模型；为更合理地评价各分合流区及收费站的安全水平，以冲突率（百车冲突数）为安全评价指标，提出了分合流区及收费站安全水平的模糊综合评价方法。最后，以沈山高速的前卫立交分流区、兴城立交合流区以及沈大高速的苏家屯收费站为例，对在调查统计时间内发生的交通冲突进行预测，进而分别给出了各立交分合流区及收费站不同调查时段的安全水平等级。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway, the problem of road traffic safety is becoming more and more prominent. As an important part of freeway, the safety problem of freeway divided and converged area and toll station needs further study. In view of the fact that the traditional accident statistics method needs a lot of historical accident data, and there is a great similarity between the conflict and the accident, more and more scholars begin to use the traffic conflict technology to analyze and evaluate the traffic safety problems. In this paper, traffic conflict technology is applied to freeway safety evaluation, taking the intersection area and toll station of expressway interchange as the research object. Firstly, by analyzing the traffic conflict types of high speed confluence area and toll station, a data acquisition and extraction scheme is made, and the traffic flow characteristics such as traffic composition, running speed and headway distance of each sub-confluence area and toll station are analyzed. Secondly, starting with the common traffic conflict index model, which is measured by time and space, combined with the collected data of traffic flow parameters, such as vehicle type, speed, head-length and so on, In this paper, a collision time TTC-based rear-end collision calculation model is established, and a method for calculating the trailing collision based on post-encroachment time (PET) is presented. Finally, the number of rear-end conflicts and the number of cross-channel conflicts are calculated in each confluence area and toll station. Based on the analysis of different influencing factors of traffic conflict, the independent variables of the prediction model of rear-end conflict and cross-lane conflict in converging area and toll station are determined, and the prediction model of rear-end conflict and cross-lane conflict is established. In order to evaluate the safety level of each sub-confluence area and toll station more reasonably, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the safety level of the sub-confluence area and toll station is proposed, taking the conflict rate (the number of conflicts on 100 vehicles) as the safety evaluation index. Finally, taking Shenshan Expressway Vanguard Interchange diversion area, Xingcheng Interchange confluence Zone and Shen-Da Expressway Sujiatun Toll Station as examples, the traffic conflicts occurred in the time of investigation and statistics are forecasted. Furthermore, the safety levels of the converging areas and toll stations in different investigation periods are given respectively.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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