高速公路波形梁护栏碰撞仿真研究及其优化

发布时间：2018-06-06 16:59

本文选题：波形梁护栏 + 碰撞仿真　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国高速公路交通事故中约有30%是由于车辆碰撞护栏造成的。由于高速公路车型格局在近年来发生了很大的变化，车型逐步的向微型化和重型化两个趋势发展。因此，在新的道路交通形势下，研究汽车与高速公路护栏的碰撞机理，找出当前高速公路护栏存在的问题，并设法提高护栏的防撞性能具有十分重要的意义。本文首先建立了标准波形梁护栏的有限元模型。在验证了汽车有限元模型的可靠性后建立了汽车与护栏碰撞仿真有限元模型。其次，研究了皮卡车与护栏在不同起始碰撞点位置时车体合成加速度和护栏动态变形量的情况。在此过程中发现，皮卡车与当前护栏碰撞时车体合成加速度超过了标准D81规定的20g限值，，引起乘员较大损伤。而卡车与当前护栏碰撞时出现骑跨护栏的危险情况。结合皮卡车和卡车与当前护栏的碰撞仿真结果，再根据护栏的评价标准D81、F83得出结论：当前护栏无法满足防护要求。因此提出利用正交试验对当前护栏进行优化设计。之后，在选取合适的正交试验因素及水平后对当前护栏进行参数优化，得到了一个优化方案，并验证了优化后的护栏的各项指标均有很大程度的改善，其性能满足护栏评价标准D81、F83的要求。最后将三波形梁护栏的H型钢立柱和H型钢防阻块应用于双波形梁护栏上，建立了三种混合护栏的有限元模型，并利用皮卡车研究了其防撞效果。通过仿真分析发现三种混合护栏的车体合成加速度均大于标准D81规定的20g限值，说明三种混合护栏无法满足护栏评价标准D81的要求。本文的研究结论显示，通过正交试验得到的优化后的护栏防撞能力优于标准双波形梁护栏，在研究了H型钢立柱和H型钢防阻块应用于双波形梁护栏上的仿真结果发现，三种混合护栏无法满足防护要求。本文的研究结果对于进一步改进我国当前使用的标准双波形梁护栏具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:About 30% of highway traffic accidents in China are caused by vehicle collision guardrail. Because of the great change of the freeway model pattern in recent years, the vehicle model gradually develops to miniaturization and heavy-duty. Therefore, under the new road traffic situation, the collision mechanism between the automobile and the highway guardrail is studied, and the existing problems of the highway guardrail are found out. It is very important to improve the anti-collision performance of the guardrail. Firstly, the finite element model of the standard corrugated beam guardrail is established in this paper. After verifying the reliability of the vehicle finite element model, the simulation finite element model of vehicle and guardrail collision is established. Secondly, the synthetic acceleration and the dynamic deformation of the guardrail are studied at different initial impact points between the pickup truck and the guardrail. In the process, it is found that the synthetic acceleration of the vehicle body exceeds the 20g limit specified in the standard D81 when the pickup truck collides with the current guardrail, which causes the occupants to be seriously damaged. When the truck collides with the current guardrail, the danger of riding across the guardrail appears. Combined with the simulation results of the collision between pickup truck and the current guardrail, according to the evaluation standard D81F83 of the guardrail, it is concluded that the current guardrail can not meet the requirements of protection. Therefore, the orthogonal test is used to optimize the design of the current guardrail. After selecting the appropriate orthogonal test factors and levels, the parameters of the current guardrail are optimized, and an optimization scheme is obtained, and it is verified that each index of the optimized guardrail has been improved to a great extent. Its performance can meet the requirements of the standard D81F83 for guardrail evaluation. Finally, three kinds of finite element models of mixed guardrail are established by applying H-shaped column and H-shaped steel resistance block of three-wave beam guardrail to double-waveform beam guardrail. The anti-collision effect of pick-up truck is studied. Through the simulation analysis, it is found that the acceleration of the three kinds of mixed guardrails is higher than the 20g limit specified in the standard D81, which indicates that the three kinds of hybrid guardrails can not meet the requirements of the evaluation standard D81 of the guardrail. The optimized guardrail with orthogonal test is superior to the standard double-waveform beam guardrail. The simulation results of H-beam column and H-shaped steel barrier block applied to the double-waveform beam guardrail are studied. Three kinds of mixed guardrail can not meet the protection requirements. The results of this paper have certain reference value for further improving the standard double wave beam guardrail used in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U417.12

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