基于元胞自动机的城市道路偶发性拥堵时交通行为模拟
发布时间：2018-08-26 07:58
【摘要】：近年来,随着城市人口与机动车保有量的不断增加,城市交通拥堵已经极大的影响了城市居民的生活质量,同时给城市道路资源以及城市经济造成了极大浪费。城市道路交通拥堵根据发生原因可以分为常发性拥堵与偶发性拥堵,常发性拥堵具有规律性,可以根据调查数据和经验进行预判并采取控制措施。而偶发性拥堵在发生的时间和空间上具有随机性,同时具有极大的衍生性,其造成的影响往往相较常发性拥堵更大。目前,国内外许多学者都致力于偶发性拥堵问题的研究,并取得一定成果。解决城市交通拥堵的关键是深入理解城市交通拥堵的形成机理与演变规律,从而制定科学的管理控制策略。城市偶发性拥堵因其突发性和偶然性使得人们对其发生的时间与地点很难未卜先知,给拥堵疏散工作带来了极大不便,对城市道路网危害也非常严重。本文研究了城市道路偶发性拥堵的行为演变规律,分析了偶发性拥堵的诱发因素及影响源重要度,建立描述偶发性拥堵引起的交通流特征变化和传播模型,针对偶发性交通拥堵诱发的道路瓶颈现象,在Nagel Schreckenberg(NS)模型的基础上结合驾驶员在瓶颈现象发生前后的行为变化,提出一种优化的元胞自动机模型,并以此改进的模型为基础分析了在主干道偶发性拥堵产生瓶颈时上、下游路段交通流的传播规律,并利用此模型分析了在偶发性拥堵发生时在不同车辆密度、换道概率、随机慢化概率、拥堵车道数下对排队数据产生的影响。本文第一章叙述了城市道路偶发性拥堵传播规律的研究背景和意义,重点分析讨论了国内外的研究现状、实际应用中的一些研究成果和交通流仿真的方法讨论。第二章首先介绍了城市交通拥堵形成的影响源和分类,利用激波理论对城市道路偶发性拥堵影响源重要度和传播规律所产生的影响进行了简单的分析研究。第三章介绍了道路交通状态特性,主要叙述了城市交通道路的分类和道路交通参数选取的基本原则,不同道路交通流的特点比较,并且介绍了道路交通状态的测量方法。第四章首先讨论了经典的元胞自动机交通流模型,然后以这些模型为基础建立改进的元胞自动机模型对道路交通偶发性拥堵进行建模,针对驾驶员行为因素的影响对车辆换道规则、车辆跟车行为进行了优化,并对城市主干道、次干道、快速路和不同的拥堵区域分别建立了模型。第五章对不同道路情况下的偶发性交通拥堵的交通参数和排队长度进行仿真分析。并比较分析了在不同密度、车道数、换道概率等参数影响下对拥堵造成的不同影响,同时验证了模型的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of urban population and vehicle ownership, urban traffic congestion has greatly affected the quality of life of urban residents, but also caused a great waste of urban road resources and urban economy. Urban road traffic congestion can be divided into regular traffic congestion and accidental traffic congestion according to the causes. Regular traffic congestion is regular and can be forecasted according to survey data and experience and control measures can be taken. The occasional congestion is random in time and space, and has great derivative, and its influence is often greater than that of regular congestion. At present, many scholars at home and abroad are committed to the problem of accidental congestion, and achieved certain results. The key to solve urban traffic congestion is to deeply understand the formation mechanism and evolution law of urban traffic congestion, so as to formulate scientific management and control strategy. Because of the sudden and accidental occurrence of urban accidental congestion, it is difficult for people to predict the time and place of its occurrence, which brings great inconvenience to the congestion and evacuation work, and is also very serious to the urban road network. This paper studies the behavior evolution of accidental congestion on urban roads, analyzes the induced factors of accidental congestion and the importance of its sources, and establishes a model to describe the change of traffic flow characteristics and propagation caused by accidental congestion. Aiming at the road bottleneck induced by accidental traffic congestion, an optimized cellular automata model is proposed based on the Nagel Schreckenberg (NS) model combined with the behavior changes of drivers before and after the bottleneck phenomenon. Based on the improved model, this paper analyzes the propagation law of traffic flow in the downstream section of the main road when the bottleneck is caused by accidental congestion, and uses this model to analyze the probability of changing lanes at different vehicle density when the accidental congestion occurs. The effect of random slowing probability and the number of traffic lanes on the queue data. In the first chapter of this paper, the background and significance of the study on the law of accidental congestion propagation on urban roads are described, and the present research situation at home and abroad, some research results in practical application and the methods of traffic flow simulation are analyzed and discussed. In the second chapter, the influence sources and classification of urban traffic congestion are introduced, and the impact of accidental congestion on urban roads is analyzed and studied by using shock wave theory. The third chapter introduces the characteristics of road traffic state, mainly describes the classification of urban traffic roads and the basic principles of road traffic parameters selection, the characteristics of different road traffic flow, and introduces the measurement methods of road traffic state. In chapter 4, the classical cellular automata traffic flow models are discussed, and then an improved cellular automaton model is established to model the traffic congestion. According to the influence of driver's behavior factors, the vehicle changing rules and vehicle following behavior are optimized, and the models of urban main road, secondary trunk road, expressway and different congested area are established. In the fifth chapter, the traffic parameters and queue length of accidental traffic congestion under different road conditions are simulated and analyzed. The different effects on congestion caused by different density, lane number and change probability are compared and analyzed, and the feasibility of the model is verified.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491
本文编号：2204226
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of urban population and vehicle ownership, urban traffic congestion has greatly affected the quality of life of urban residents, but also caused a great waste of urban road resources and urban economy. Urban road traffic congestion can be divided into regular traffic congestion and accidental traffic congestion according to the causes. Regular traffic congestion is regular and can be forecasted according to survey data and experience and control measures can be taken. The occasional congestion is random in time and space, and has great derivative, and its influence is often greater than that of regular congestion. At present, many scholars at home and abroad are committed to the problem of accidental congestion, and achieved certain results. The key to solve urban traffic congestion is to deeply understand the formation mechanism and evolution law of urban traffic congestion, so as to formulate scientific management and control strategy. Because of the sudden and accidental occurrence of urban accidental congestion, it is difficult for people to predict the time and place of its occurrence, which brings great inconvenience to the congestion and evacuation work, and is also very serious to the urban road network. This paper studies the behavior evolution of accidental congestion on urban roads, analyzes the induced factors of accidental congestion and the importance of its sources, and establishes a model to describe the change of traffic flow characteristics and propagation caused by accidental congestion. Aiming at the road bottleneck induced by accidental traffic congestion, an optimized cellular automata model is proposed based on the Nagel Schreckenberg (NS) model combined with the behavior changes of drivers before and after the bottleneck phenomenon. Based on the improved model, this paper analyzes the propagation law of traffic flow in the downstream section of the main road when the bottleneck is caused by accidental congestion, and uses this model to analyze the probability of changing lanes at different vehicle density when the accidental congestion occurs. The effect of random slowing probability and the number of traffic lanes on the queue data. In the first chapter of this paper, the background and significance of the study on the law of accidental congestion propagation on urban roads are described, and the present research situation at home and abroad, some research results in practical application and the methods of traffic flow simulation are analyzed and discussed. In the second chapter, the influence sources and classification of urban traffic congestion are introduced, and the impact of accidental congestion on urban roads is analyzed and studied by using shock wave theory. The third chapter introduces the characteristics of road traffic state, mainly describes the classification of urban traffic roads and the basic principles of road traffic parameters selection, the characteristics of different road traffic flow, and introduces the measurement methods of road traffic state. In chapter 4, the classical cellular automata traffic flow models are discussed, and then an improved cellular automaton model is established to model the traffic congestion. According to the influence of driver's behavior factors, the vehicle changing rules and vehicle following behavior are optimized, and the models of urban main road, secondary trunk road, expressway and different congested area are established. In the fifth chapter, the traffic parameters and queue length of accidental traffic congestion under different road conditions are simulated and analyzed. The different effects on congestion caused by different density, lane number and change probability are compared and analyzed, and the feasibility of the model is verified.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 郑英力;翟润平;马社强;;交通流元胞自动机模型综述[J];公路交通科技;2006年01期
，本文编号：2204226
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/jiaotonggongchenglunwen/2204226.html
