基于混沌的高速公路匝道控制效果评价研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 08:04

【摘要】：高速公路是为车辆提供高速、安全为主要目的的道路交通设施。但随着经济的发展以及小汽车逐步走进家庭，交通需求也不断增加，高速公路面临着交通拥挤和交通安全等各类问题。道路交通的拥堵现象已经成为世界范围内的严重问题，改善道路交通拥堵状况、提高道路通行能力都是一个亟待解决的重要课题。在我国，尤其是北方地区，大量的拉运煤炭的车辆行驶在高速公路上，带来了严重的交通拥堵现象。为了保证高速公路的基本特征，必须妥善解决其存在的交通问题。针对高速公路的控制方法和策略虽然较多，但这些理论方法没有涉及到交通流混沌。道路交通是一个不确定性极强的非线性时变系统，无序、分形、混沌存在于系统的发展演变过程中，而从非线性科学、混沌控制的角度来研究交通流控制是一项具有重要意义的前沿课题。已有的高速公路混沌控制研究已经证明了其有效性，但这些研究偏重于混沌控制器的设计及其控制有效性等机理研究，需要对高速公路混沌控制后的性能指标进行深入研究，以分析控制的有效性和具体效果。论文分析了高速公路混沌控制的机理，对高速公路控制的方法和具体的控制系统进行了说明。做为综合评价的首要工作，针对混沌匝道控制效果从效率性、公平性不同的角度分析了相关的指标，建立了高速公路混沌控制效果综合评价指标体系。进而，分析了多种不同的综合评价方法，根据混沌匝道控制评价的自身特点，提出采用基于加权主成分分析法的评价方法，其中采用灰色关联度法确定各评价指标的权重，同时引入了基尼系数的概念，应用其分析控制效果的公平性倾向。以具体某一高速公路路段，采用提出的基于加权主成分分析法的评价方法，以验证方法的有效性。考虑到社会公平性而加大匝道用户权重在匝道需求和主线上游流量均较大的情况下使用较好；而在其它情况下，只需将匝道用户和主线用户平等看待，取同一权重，即可达到追求效率最大化目标的同时，自然兼顾到社会公平性的原则。通过对评价结果的分析，，可以看出基于混沌的匝道控制的优越性，不仅可以保证整体的通行效率，有效的提高道路通行能力，减少拥堵，还可以保证不同用户之间的公平性。
[Abstract]:Expressway is to provide high speed, safety for the main purpose of road traffic facilities. However, with the development of economy and the gradual entry of cars into the family, the traffic demand is increasing, and the expressway is facing various problems such as traffic congestion and traffic safety. Traffic congestion has become a serious problem all over the world. It is an important problem to improve traffic congestion and improve traffic capacity. In our country, especially in the northern region, a large number of coal hauling vehicles travel on the highway, which brings serious traffic congestion. In order to ensure the basic characteristics of freeway, it is necessary to properly solve the existing traffic problems. Although there are many control methods and strategies for freeway, these theoretical methods do not involve the chaos of traffic flow. Road traffic is a highly uncertain nonlinear time-varying system, disorder, fractal, chaos exists in the development of the system, and from the nonlinear science, The study of traffic flow control from the point of view of chaos control is an important frontier subject. The existing research on chaos control of freeway has proved its validity, but these researches focus on the design of chaotic controller and the mechanism of its control effectiveness, so it is necessary to deeply study the performance index of freeway chaos control. To analyze the effectiveness and effectiveness of the control. In this paper, the mechanism of freeway chaos control is analyzed, and the method and concrete control system of freeway control are explained. As the most important work of comprehensive evaluation, the related indexes are analyzed from different angles of efficiency and fairness in view of the control effect of chaotic ramp, and a comprehensive evaluation index system of chaotic control effect of freeway is established. Then, various comprehensive evaluation methods are analyzed. According to the characteristics of chaotic ramp control evaluation, a new evaluation method based on weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) is proposed, in which grey correlation degree is used to determine the weight of each evaluation index. At the same time, the concept of Gini coefficient is introduced to analyze the fairness tendency of control effect. An evaluation method based on weighted principal component analysis is proposed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Considering the social equity, increasing the ramp user weight is better when the ramp demand and the main line upstream flow are larger; In other cases, it is necessary to treat ramp users and mainline users equally and take the same weight to achieve the goal of maximization of efficiency, and naturally take into account the principle of social equity. Through the analysis of the evaluation results, we can see the superiority of ramp control based on chaos, which can not only ensure the overall traffic efficiency, effectively improve the road capacity, reduce congestion, but also ensure the fairness between different users.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.54

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