长江水系散货江海联运运输网络优化布局研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 08:40

【摘要】：长江水系是位居我国八大水系之首、通航里程最长、流域面积达180万平方公里的一个水系，是亚洲第一和世界第三大河流，我国40%以上的经济总量汇集在长江干线沿江的七省二市，已成为我国内河水运最重要、运输规模最大和最为繁忙的通航河流。近些年来，外贸运输需求量的高速增长加快了长江流域和沿海地区经济的频繁往来，也大大增加了散货进出口量，这为长江水系散货江海联运的快速发展奠定了良好的基础。本文首先是从长江水系水运运输系统着手来分别分析长江水系地理环境、沿江港口概况、航道建设现状、各主要港口发展现状以及长江水系散货运输组织方式，，了解到长江水系有良好的地理区位、发达的航运网络、较好的航道条件以及优越的自然条件。但是同时长江水系还存在某些航段的航运能力受到航道条件的限制、三峡船闸通航能力较低、干线中游有较多的浅滩等不良情况，这些问题都会影响长江水系散货江海联运的发展，所以急需国家和沿江各省市采取一些有力措施解决这些问题。其次，本文又介绍了长江水系散货江海联运运输流程的三个步骤并展示了运输流程图。其中，运输流程主要包括内陆腹地陆路运输、内河运输和海上运输三个步骤。同时也进一步分析了影响长江水系江海联运运输网络的四大因素即货物需求、航道建设、港口建设和船型选择，主要分析了它们对江海联运运输网络的影响过程和作用程度，并且得知它们之间相互联系、相互影响、不可分割，形成了一个良性的循环。通过对长江水系散货江海联运各方面的描述和分析，并且为了达到优化运输网络布局的目的，本文虚设了一级港口群并设置了一些假设条件，然后综合考虑船舶吨级、航道条件、港口建设、货物供应量、货物需求量等约束条件，最终建立了以运输总成本最小为目标的模型。将实例应用于模型并进行运算，得到了运输总成本最低情况下的长江水系散货江海联运的运输路径选择、散货接收港和中转港的选择、运输船舶吨级的选择以及每条路径上的年货运量等相关参数，从而为长江水系散货江海联运的发展提供一些建设性的意见。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River system ranks first among the eight largest water systems in China, with the longest navigable mileage, with an area of 1.8 million square kilometers. It is the first river in Asia and the third largest in the world. More than 40% of China's total economic output is concentrated in the seven provinces and two cities along the Yangtze River trunk line, which has become the most important, largest and busiest navigable river in China. In recent years, the rapid growth of foreign trade transportation demand has accelerated the frequent economic exchanges between the Yangtze River Basin and coastal areas, and also greatly increased the volume of bulk cargo imports and exports, which laid a good foundation for the rapid development of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system. First of all, this paper analyzes the geographical environment of the Yangtze River system, the general situation of ports along the Yangtze River, the present situation of waterway construction, the development status of each major port and the organization mode of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system from the point of view of the water transportation system of the Yangtze River system. It is understood that the Yangtze River system has good geographical location, developed shipping network, good waterway conditions and superior natural conditions. However, at the same time, there are still some bad conditions such as the shipping capacity of some sections of the Yangtze River system is limited by waterway conditions, the navigation capacity of the three Gorges shiplock is low, and there are more shoals in the middle reaches of the trunk line. These problems will affect the development of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system, so it is urgent for the state and provinces and cities along the Yangtze River to take some effective measures to solve these problems. Secondly, this paper introduces the three steps of the transportation flow of bulk cargo in the Yangtze River system and shows the transportation flow chart. Among them, the transportation process mainly includes inland hinterland transportation, inland waterway transportation and maritime transportation. At the same time, this paper further analyzes the four factors that affect the river and sea transport network of the Yangtze River system, namely, the demand for goods, the construction of waterway, the construction of port and the choice of ship type, and mainly analyzes the influence process and degree of their influence on the transportation network of river and sea. And know that they are related to each other, mutual influence, inseparable, forming a virtuous circle. Through the description and analysis of various aspects of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system, and in order to optimize the layout of the transportation network, this paper sets up a virtual first-level port group and sets some hypothetical conditions, and then comprehensively considers the tonnage of the ship. Finally, the model with the goal of minimizing the total cost of transportation is established under the constraints of waterway conditions, port construction, cargo supply, cargo demand and so on. The example is applied to the model and calculated, and the choice of transportation path, receiving port and transit port of bulk cargo in the Yangtze River system is obtained under the condition of the lowest total transportation cost. The selection of tonnage of transport ships and the annual freight volume on each path provide some constructive suggestions for the development of bulk cargo transport in the Yangtze River system.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U695.2

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