有毒有害气体公路隧道射流巷道式施工通风技术研究
发布时间：2019-06-26 12:54
【摘要】：伴随城市的发展建设,山区、丘陵区出现了大量的交通隧道及市政隧道,隧道施工过程中机械作业产生的尾气、爆破产生的硝烟、地层溢出的有毒有害气体等控制不当将会在隧道内积聚,威胁作业人员健康和施工安全。为改善隧道施工作业环境,保障作业人员的健康,必须采取有效的通风措施。射流巷道式通风是双洞隧道或设平导的单洞隧道施工中常用的通风方式,对其进行深入、全面的研究具有实际意义。本文以华蓥山隧道为依托工程,结合CFD软件FLUENT,建立了双洞隧道射流巷道式通风三维模型(其中左洞充当排风洞,右洞充当送风洞,双洞间由一座横通道进行连接),并运用所建模型对通风局部流场,瓦斯、硫化氢等有毒有害气体分布规律及其影响因素进行了数值模拟分析,最后研究了射流巷道式通风技术在华蓥山隧道施工中的应用情况。主要研究结论如下： 1)建立的双洞隧道射流巷道式通风模型计算结果能够基本反映实际通风过程中风流的流动型态。 2)对模型中开挖掌子面瓦斯涌出的数值模拟结果表明：当送风洞或排风洞掌子面存在一定量的瓦斯涌出时,该洞内含有瓦斯的污染风流并不会污染另一个隧洞掌子面附近洁净空气。在实际通风过程中应根据瓦斯等有毒有害气体的涌出位置对送、排风洞掌子面供风量进行适当调节,避免能源浪费。 3)当瓦斯在送风洞掌子面涌出时,含瓦斯的污染风流会通过横通道流入排风洞并最终排出洞外,且瓦斯涌出量越大,横通道内瓦斯浓度越大。在实际通风过程中应根据隧道监测到的有毒有害气体浓度数据及时采取增大风机供风量、加设局部射流风机等有效措施,避免横通道与正洞连接处涡流区内瓦斯积聚带来的安全隐患。 4)送风洞内所布设的送风机起到向各掌子面压送新风的作用,为保证洞内瓦斯扩散不影响送风机周围新鲜风流,对多工况下的瓦斯运移规律进行分析后发现：与横通道30m的布设距离基本能够保证送风机吸风口处为新鲜风流,避免掌子面二次污染。 5)当硫化氢(重质气体代表)在送风洞掌子面涌出时,硫化氢在与空气混合的过程中靠近地表处硫化氢浓度高于靠近拱顶的硫化氢浓度,与瓦斯(轻质气体代表)和空气混合规律相反。在实际通风过程中根据不同的有毒有害气体特性合理确定通风管、射流风机等的布设位置。 6)华蓥山隧道施工现场监测结果显示：送、排风洞掌子面前15m处硫化氢、一氧化碳随通风时间的变化均遵循“快速增大,逐渐减小”的特点,爆破后产生有毒有害气体量不同,浓度达到峰值及降低到规范规定上限值以下所需时间也不同。
[Abstract]:With the development and construction of the city, there are a large number of traffic tunnels and municipal tunnels in mountainous and hilly areas. The exhaust gas produced by mechanical operation, nitrate smoke produced by blasting and toxic and harmful gases spilled from strata will accumulate in the tunnel, threatening the health of operators and construction safety. In order to improve the working environment of tunnel construction and ensure the health of operators, effective ventilation measures must be taken. Tunnel ventilation in jet roadway is a common ventilation mode in the construction of double-tunnel or single-tunnel with flat guide. It is of practical significance to carry out in-depth and comprehensive research on it. In this paper, based on Huaying Mountain Tunnel and CFD software FLUENT, a three-dimensional model of jet tunnel ventilation in double tunnel is established (in which the left tunnel acts as the exhaust wind tunnel, the right hole acts as the transmission wind tunnel, and the double holes are connected by a transverse channel). The distribution law and influencing factors of toxic and harmful gases such as ventilation local flow field, gas, hydrogen sulfide and so on are simulated and analyzed by using the established model. Finally, the application of jet roadway ventilation technology in Huaying Mountain tunnel construction is studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the calculation results of the jet tunnel ventilation model can basically reflect the flow pattern of air flow in the actual ventilation process. 2) the numerical simulation results of gas emission from the excavated palm surface in the model show that when there is a certain amount of gas emission from the palm surface of the wind tunnel or exhaust wind tunnel, the polluted wind flow containing gas in the tunnel will not pollute the clean air near the palm surface of the other tunnel. In the actual ventilation process, the air supply volume should be properly adjusted according to the emission position of gas and other toxic and harmful gases, so as to avoid energy waste. 3) when the gas is emitted from the palm surface of the wind tunnel, the polluted air flow of gas will flow into the exhaust wind tunnel through the transverse channel and finally discharge out of the tunnel, and the larger the gas emission is, the greater the gas concentration in the transverse channel will be. In the actual ventilation process, according to the concentration data of toxic and harmful gases monitored by the tunnel, effective measures such as increasing the air supply volume of the fan and setting up the local jet fan should be taken in time to avoid the hidden danger of gas accumulation in the vortex area at the connection between the transverse channel and the positive tunnel. 4) the fan arranged in the air supply tunnel plays the role of pressing fresh air to each palm surface. In order to ensure that the gas diffusion in the tunnel does not affect the fresh air flow around the air supply fan, it is found that the gas migration law under multiple working conditions can basically ensure the fresh air flow at the suction outlet of the air supply fan and avoid the secondary pollution of the palm surface. 5) when hydrogen sulfide (heavy gas representative) is emitted from the palm surface of wind tunnel, the hydrogen sulfide concentration near the surface is higher than that near the arch roof in the process of mixing with air, which is contrary to the law of gas (light gas representative) and air mixing. In the actual ventilation process, the layout position of ventilation pipe, jet fan and so on is determined reasonably according to different toxic and harmful gas characteristics. 6) the monitoring results of Huayingshan tunnel construction site show that the change of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide at 15m in front of the palm of the exhaust tunnel follows the characteristics of "rapid increase and decrease gradually" with the ventilation time. The amount of toxic and harmful gas produced after blasting is different, and the time required for the concentration to reach the peak value and fall below the upper limit value of the code is also different.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U453.5
本文编号：2506193
[Abstract]:With the development and construction of the city, there are a large number of traffic tunnels and municipal tunnels in mountainous and hilly areas. The exhaust gas produced by mechanical operation, nitrate smoke produced by blasting and toxic and harmful gases spilled from strata will accumulate in the tunnel, threatening the health of operators and construction safety. In order to improve the working environment of tunnel construction and ensure the health of operators, effective ventilation measures must be taken. Tunnel ventilation in jet roadway is a common ventilation mode in the construction of double-tunnel or single-tunnel with flat guide. It is of practical significance to carry out in-depth and comprehensive research on it. In this paper, based on Huaying Mountain Tunnel and CFD software FLUENT, a three-dimensional model of jet tunnel ventilation in double tunnel is established (in which the left tunnel acts as the exhaust wind tunnel, the right hole acts as the transmission wind tunnel, and the double holes are connected by a transverse channel). The distribution law and influencing factors of toxic and harmful gases such as ventilation local flow field, gas, hydrogen sulfide and so on are simulated and analyzed by using the established model. Finally, the application of jet roadway ventilation technology in Huaying Mountain tunnel construction is studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the calculation results of the jet tunnel ventilation model can basically reflect the flow pattern of air flow in the actual ventilation process. 2) the numerical simulation results of gas emission from the excavated palm surface in the model show that when there is a certain amount of gas emission from the palm surface of the wind tunnel or exhaust wind tunnel, the polluted wind flow containing gas in the tunnel will not pollute the clean air near the palm surface of the other tunnel. In the actual ventilation process, the air supply volume should be properly adjusted according to the emission position of gas and other toxic and harmful gases, so as to avoid energy waste. 3) when the gas is emitted from the palm surface of the wind tunnel, the polluted air flow of gas will flow into the exhaust wind tunnel through the transverse channel and finally discharge out of the tunnel, and the larger the gas emission is, the greater the gas concentration in the transverse channel will be. In the actual ventilation process, according to the concentration data of toxic and harmful gases monitored by the tunnel, effective measures such as increasing the air supply volume of the fan and setting up the local jet fan should be taken in time to avoid the hidden danger of gas accumulation in the vortex area at the connection between the transverse channel and the positive tunnel. 4) the fan arranged in the air supply tunnel plays the role of pressing fresh air to each palm surface. In order to ensure that the gas diffusion in the tunnel does not affect the fresh air flow around the air supply fan, it is found that the gas migration law under multiple working conditions can basically ensure the fresh air flow at the suction outlet of the air supply fan and avoid the secondary pollution of the palm surface. 5) when hydrogen sulfide (heavy gas representative) is emitted from the palm surface of wind tunnel, the hydrogen sulfide concentration near the surface is higher than that near the arch roof in the process of mixing with air, which is contrary to the law of gas (light gas representative) and air mixing. In the actual ventilation process, the layout position of ventilation pipe, jet fan and so on is determined reasonably according to different toxic and harmful gas characteristics. 6) the monitoring results of Huayingshan tunnel construction site show that the change of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide at 15m in front of the palm of the exhaust tunnel follows the characteristics of "rapid increase and decrease gradually" with the ventilation time. The amount of toxic and harmful gas produced after blasting is different, and the time required for the concentration to reach the peak value and fall below the upper limit value of the code is also different.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U453.5
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