面向ICF零件的柔性夹持技术与装配力研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 19:11

【摘要】：微小型结构件及系统的装配是微小型机械制造技术研究领域的一个热点，其技术水平直接影响到武器系统微小型化的研究进展。本文在课题组提出来的同轴对位微装配技术的基础上，以激光约束核聚变（Inertial Confinement Fusion，ICF）关键微小型结构件作为研究对象，开展快换式柔性夹持技术研究；同时为了保证无损装配的顺利进行，开展接触装配力与偏差对应关系的分析和计算，为高精度对位装配提供技术支撑。论文的主要研究工作如下： 1.首先，以ICF需求为背景，分析了国内外微装配技术的研究现状，并详细阐述了面向中间尺度的微夹持器系统；其次，确定了面向ICF关键零部件的微装配系统试验平台和柔性夹持系统；最后，介绍了柔性夹持技术的主要研究内容。 2.研究并设计了面向ICF关键零部件的快换式柔性夹持系统。基于装配对象的特点、装配精度指标以及装配工艺指标要求，制定了微靶装配工艺；同时，为减少零件多次装夹造成的累积误差对装配精度造成的不利影响，设计了弹簧夹头快换式夹持器；最后，将装配对象分为超薄壁深筒类、超薄壁平板类等9类零件，分别设计了面向这些零件的柔性夹持器，并验证了夹持器的实用性和有效性。 3.研究了两种典型夹持器的夹持性能。以面向超薄壁深筒类零件的气囊式柔性夹持器和面向超薄壁微球的精密微夹持器为例，分别采用有限元仿真分析了两种典型的夹持器夹持性能，并通过实验验证了该柔性夹持器的性能。 4.开展了同轴对位微装配力的虚拟检测技术研究，并建立了接触状态和装配力的关系。根据装配过程中目标件和基体件的接触状态和受力情况，建立了轴孔装配的数学模型，并通过MATLAB仿真计算，，最终获得装配力随装配深度的变化趋势。在此基础上，以微靶关键零部件为例，开展了微靶关键零部件在装配过程中允许的最大装配偏差有限元仿真分析，获得了其最大装配偏差，为零件的无损装配提供理论指导和技术支撑。 5.开展了基于同轴对位的轴孔偏差装配力实验研究。首先，建立了接触装配力和装配偏差的数学模型，验证了理论和仿真结论的正确性和可行性。基于同轴对位原理，搭建了微靶关键零部件装配实验平台，通过施加不同的轴线侧向偏差和角偏差，建立了装配接触力和角偏差及横向位移偏差的模型，得到了装配力的阈值，验证了理论和仿真预测结论的正确性和可行性。同时分析了在不破坏零件的前提下，能够允许的轴线侧向偏差和角偏差，能够用于指导微靶装配，为精密微器件装配提供了理论指导和技术支撑。
[Abstract]:The assembly of micro structural parts and systems is a hot topic in the field of micro mechanical manufacturing technology, and its technical level directly affects the research progress of micro miniaturization of weapon systems. Based on the coaxial microassembly technology proposed by the research group, the key micro structure of laser-constrained fusion (Inertial Confinement fusion is used as the research object, and the fast change flexible clamping technology is studied. At the same time, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the nondestructive assembly, the analysis and calculation of the relationship between the contact assembly force and the deviation are carried out, which provides the technical support for the high precision alignment assembly. The main research work is as follows: 1. Firstly, based on the requirement of ICF, the research status of microassembly technology at home and abroad is analyzed, and the mesoscale microgripper system is described in detail. The test platform and flexible clamping system for ICF key parts are determined. Finally, the main research contents of flexible clamping technology are introduced. 2. A fast change flexible clamping system for key parts of ICF is studied and designed. Based on the characteristics of assembly object, assembly precision index and assembly process index, the assembly process of micro-target is established, and the adverse effect of accumulated error caused by multiple clamping on assembly accuracy is also reduced. Finally, the assembly object is divided into 9 kinds of parts, such as ultra-thin wall deep cylinder, ultra-thin wall plate and so on, and the flexible gripper for these parts is designed respectively. The practicability and effectiveness of the gripper are verified. The clamping performance of two typical grippers is studied. Taking the airbag flexible gripper for ultra-thin wall deep cylinder parts and the precision microgripper for ultra-thin wall microsphere as examples, two typical gripping performances are analyzed by finite element simulation. The performance of the flexible gripper is verified by experiments. 4. 4. The virtual detection technology of coaxial microassembly force is studied, and the relationship between contact state and assembly force is established. According to the contact state and force of the target part and the base part in the assembly process, the mathematical model of the assembly of the shaft hole is established, and the changing trend of the assembly force with the assembly depth is obtained by MATLAB simulation. On this basis, taking the key parts of microtarget as an example, the finite element simulation analysis of the allowable maximum assembly deviation of the key parts in the assembly process is carried out, and the maximum assembly deviation is obtained. Provide theoretical guidance and technical support for non-destructive assembly of parts. 5. The experimental study of the axial hole deviation assembly force based on coaxial alignment is carried out. Firstly, the mathematical model of contact assembly force and assembly deviation is established, which verifies the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical and simulation conclusions. Based on the principle of coaxial alignment, the experimental platform of assembly of key parts of micro-target is built. The model of assembly contact force, angular deviation and transverse displacement deviation is established by applying different axial line lateral deviation and angular deviation, and the threshold value of assembly force is obtained. The correctness and feasibility of the theoretical and simulation prediction results are verified. At the same time, the allowable axial lateral deviation and angle deviation without destroying the parts are analyzed, which can be used to guide the assembly of micro-target and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the assembly of precision micro-devices.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG95

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