面向高性能计算机的三维光电混合互连网络研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:35

本文关键词：面向高性能计算机的三维光电混合互连网络研究　出处：《国防科学技术大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前，提高单个计算节点的性能以及互连网络的优化和改进是提高高性能计算机性能的两种有效手段。然而随着集成电路工艺技术的快速发展，处理器内高速电信号所带来的量子效应越来越明显。单个处理器计算性能的提高遇到了极大的挑战，因此全系统计算性能的提高主要是通过集成更多的处理器节点。由于电传输特性的限制，电互连网络制约高性能计算机性能的进一步提高。光互连网络由于具有带宽高、延迟小、传输和交换光损耗小、干扰低等优点，已经成为解决电互连瓶颈的有效手段。但是，在当前技术条件下，没有有效的光缓存器以及可用的全光处理器，对于一般的报文交换光互连系统中，在网络节点中不得不将光信号转换为电信号进行路由判断和缓存，这将会引入额外的传输延迟。一种有效的解决方法是BOIN网络采用的光电混合技术，将报文的控制信息和数据信息进行分离。真实数据报文使用光信号进行传输，而将控制信息使用电信号进行传输，以此来控制光数据的传输方向，使得报文在网络中进行传输时无需光电转换。然而BOIN网络的二维互连结构限制了其实际性能的进一步提高，在网络规模较大时，其网络性能限制更加明显。本文针对光信号的技术限制以及BOIN网络二维特点，研究了一种面向高性能计算机互连网络的三维光电混合互连网络技术，提出了一种三维的光互连网络结构（Three-Dimensional Optical Interconnection Network）。为了能够充分发挥该网络结构优势，本文提出了一种XY优先路由算法。最后，，采用实验仿真和数学建模对TDOIN网络的网络性能进行了分析验证。本文的主要贡献： 1.针对当前光互连网络中的不足和BOIN网络的低维度，提出一种三维的光电混合互连网络结构TDOIN。本文研究了TDOIN网络的拓扑结构和报文冲突产生以及相应的解决技术，提出了一种XY优先的路由算法，并且简要分析了该算法的网络特性。 2.基于OMNeT++平台设计了TDOIN网络模拟器，通过该模拟器进行仿真实验，并与BOIN网络进行性能比较。由模拟结果可知，TDOIN网络具有低延迟、高吞吐量特点。 3.为了评价TDOIN的网络性能，利用概率论工具，建立TDOIN网络处于稳态情况的数学模型。该模型能够精确刻画TDOIN网络在不同网络规模、不同网络负载下的网络性能。本文面向解决高性能计算机的互连需求，对光互连网络进行了深入细致地研究，提出一种三维光电混合互连网络结构，研究了能够适应该结构的路由算法，对网络性能进行了仿真实验和数学建模分析。上述研究成果对于高性能计算机光互连网络的设计和实现具有一定的理论意义和参考价值，同时基于概率论的数学模型的建立能够为光互连网络的理论分析提供一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:At present, improving the performance of single computing node and the optimization and improvement of interconnection network are two effective methods to improve the performance of high performance computer. However, with the rapid development of integrated circuit technology. The quantum effect caused by high speed electrical signal in the processor is becoming more and more obvious. The improvement of computing performance of single processor has met great challenges. Therefore, the improvement of the performance of the whole system is mainly through the integration of more processor nodes, due to the limitations of the electrical transmission characteristics. Electrical interconnection network restricts the further improvement of high performance computer performance. Optical interconnection network has the advantages of high bandwidth, small delay, low transmission and switching loss, low interference and so on. It has become an effective means to solve the bottleneck of electrical interconnection. However, under the current technological conditions, there is no effective optical buffer and available all-optical processors for the general packet switching optical interconnection system. In the network nodes, the optical signals have to be converted to electrical signals for routing judgment and buffer, which will introduce additional transmission delay. An effective solution is the optoelectronic hybrid technology used in BOIN networks. The control information of the message is separated from the data information. The real data message is transmitted by the optical signal, while the control information is transmitted by the electric signal to control the transmission direction of the optical data. However, the two-dimensional interconnection structure of BOIN network limits the further improvement of its actual performance, when the network scale is large. Aiming at the technical limitation of optical signal and the two-dimensional characteristics of BOIN network, a 3D hybrid optoelectronic interconnection network technology for high performance computer interconnection network is studied in this paper. A three-dimensional Optical Interconnection network is proposed. In order to give full play to the advantage of the network structure. In this paper, an XY priority routing algorithm is proposed. Finally, experimental simulation and mathematical modeling are used to analyze and verify the performance of TDOIN network. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1. Aiming at the deficiency of current optical interconnection network and the low dimension of BOIN network. A 3D hybrid optoelectronic interconnection network structure is proposed. The topology structure, message collision generation and corresponding solutions of TDOIN network are studied in this paper. An XY-first routing algorithm is proposed and its network characteristics are briefly analyzed. 2. The TDOIN network simulator is designed based on the OMNeT platform. The simulation experiment is carried out through the simulator, and the performance of the simulator is compared with that of the BOIN network. TDOIN networks are characterized by low latency and high throughput. 3. In order to evaluate the network performance of TDOIN, a probability theory tool is used. A mathematical model of the steady state of TDOIN network is established, which can accurately describe the network performance of TDOIN network under different network size and network load. In order to solve the interconnection requirements of high performance computers, the optical interconnection network is studied in detail in this paper, and a 3D hybrid optoelectronic interconnection network structure is proposed, and the routing algorithm which can adapt to this structure is studied. The simulation experiment and mathematical modeling analysis of the network performance are carried out. The above research results have certain theoretical significance and reference value for the design and implementation of high performance computer optical interconnection network. At the same time, the establishment of mathematical model based on probability theory can provide some reference for theoretical analysis of optical interconnection networks.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP38

【参考文献】