DNA计算在创新设计中的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-02-23 21:22

本文关键词： DNA计算创新设计骨骼结构 DNA编码　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：DNA计算作为一种新的生物计算模型，它以DNA分子作为计算介质，以生物化学反应作为计算工具。DNA计算具有运算速度快、高度并行性和存储信息量巨大等优点，具有广阔的研究前景。创新设计是一种创造性的实践活动，从本质上来说是一种先输入在输出的过程。一个优秀的设计是由许多部分组成，在组合的过程中，最优的个体组合往往不能达到最优秀的效果。以往依靠设计人员的经验解决此类问题，但是这种办法效率很低。如果将此类组合问题的设计要求看作问题的约束条件，设计的目的转化为符合条件的最优解，那么此类组合问题就转化为一个组合优化问题。采用DNA计算可以快速高效解决相应问题。本文从DNA计算的编码问题入手。DNA计算中，编码问题是计算的重点和难点之一。为了提高计算的有效性和可靠性，本文提出了一种基于模拟退火遗传算法的DNA编码算法。分析了DNA编码需要满足的约束条件，选择适当的约束条件，并建立相应的数序模型。采用模拟退火与遗传算法结合的方法解决多目标优化问题。将实验结果同已有序列结果进行对比，证明该方法的有效性，并将该方法应用于创新设计中的编码中。一个产品在经历构思、概念设计、建模和实际制造出来需要很多过程。在产品产生初步的构思并进入设计阶段的过程中需要大量拥有多年设计经验人员的设计经验和智慧。这个过程要根据用户的需要，建立需求模型、并用规范和标准的方式将部件的特性和功能准确的表达。如果一个有n个部件的设计产品，每个部件有m个选择，那么就有mn种选择。采用数学和计算机的方法，根据实际的部件组合和部件属性，建立相适应的映射模型；进而将映射与功能一一对应，转为满足设计需求的含有特定限制的设计解。改进了一种基于骨骼结构来分析实体模型的方法，增加了骨骼弧度作参数来描述实体。通过骨骼结构的方法，将设计实体分解为若干部件组装问题，将创新设计中的部件装备模型抽象为普通的组合问题，进一步延伸为基本的NP问题模型。在深入探讨DNA计算的原理，方法和计算模型的基础上，提出了一种用DNA计算来解决抽象出的组合优化问题的方法。以吊灯设计的实例，详细的说明DNA计算如何应用到创新设计的过程。首先将连续的参数离散化处理，划分为若干个区间并进行DNA编码，编码采用固定长度编码和可变长度编码两种方式。以闭环DNA模型为基础建立DNA计算模型，并在闭环DNA上设定相应的参数分位点，在限制性内切酶的作用下与相关参数依次发生反应，最后产生大量编码。将DNA分子链的长度作为适应度函数阈值，采用凝胶电泳等技术找出符合要求的目标解。经过计算机模拟出实验结果，证明了方法的有效性和可行性。
[Abstract]:As a new biological computing model, DNA computing has the advantages of fast computing speed, high parallelism and huge amount of information, using DNA molecule as computing medium and biochemical reaction as computing tool. Innovative design is a kind of creative practical activity, essentially a process of input and output. A good design is composed of many parts, in the process of combination, The optimal combination of individuals is often unable to achieve the best results. In the past, the designer's experience was used to solve this kind of problem, but this method is very inefficient. If the design requirement of this kind of combinatorial problem is regarded as the constraint of the problem, If the purpose of the design is transformed into the optimal solution which meets the conditions, then the combination problem can be transformed into a combinatorial optimization problem, and the corresponding problem can be solved quickly and efficiently by using DNA calculation. In this paper, the coding problem is one of the most important and difficult problems in DNA computing. In order to improve the efficiency and reliability of the calculation, In this paper, a DNA coding algorithm based on simulated annealing genetic algorithm is proposed. The constraint conditions of DNA coding are analyzed, and the appropriate constraints are selected. The simulation annealing and genetic algorithm are used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The experimental results are compared with the existing sequence results, and the effectiveness of the method is proved. The method is applied to the coding of innovative design. A product is experiencing conception, conceptual design, Modeling and actual manufacturing takes a lot of processes. It takes a lot of design experience and wisdom to have a lot of people with years of design experience in the process of producing the initial idea and entering the design phase. The process is based on the needs of the user. The requirements model is established, and the features and functions of the components are accurately expressed in a normative and standard way. If a design product has n components, each component has m choices, Then there are mn kinds of selections. By using mathematical and computer methods, an appropriate mapping model is established according to the actual component combination and component properties, and then the mapping is mapped to the function one by one. An improved method for analyzing entity models based on bone structure, with the addition of bone radians as parameters to describe entities. The design entity is decomposed into several component assembly problems, and the component and equipment model in innovative design is abstracted into a general combinatorial problem, which is further extended to a basic NP problem model. On the basis of deeply discussing the principle, method and calculation model of DNA calculation, this paper presents a method of solving the combinatorial optimization problem abstracted by DNA calculation. The example of chandelier design is given. How to apply DNA computation to the process of innovative design is explained in detail. Firstly, the continuous parameters are discretized, divided into several intervals and coded by DNA. Based on the closed-loop DNA model, the DNA calculation model is established, and the corresponding parameter loci are set up on the closed-loop DNA. The restriction endonuclease reacts with the related parameters in turn, resulting in a large amount of coding. The length of DNA molecular chain is used as the threshold of fitness function. Using gel electrophoresis and other techniques to find out the target solution which meets the requirements. The computer simulation results show that the method is effective and feasible.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP38

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