不同氮效率基因型小麦根系吸收特性与氮素利用差异的分析

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:18

本文关键词：不同氮效率基因型小麦根系吸收特性与氮素利用差异的分析　出处：《中国农业科学》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】通过研究分析不同基因型小麦根系吸收特性与地上部氮素利用的差异,明确不同氮效率基因型小麦氮素吸收利用的生理机制,为氮高效小麦品种的选育和高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】2012—2015年采用大田试验和盆栽试验相结合的方法,在不同氮效率品种筛选的基础上,以氮高效品种周麦27、郑麦366和氮低效品种周麦28、开麦20为试验材料,在不同氮素水平条件下研究其根冠关系、根系生物量、根系吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系活力以及地上、地下部氮素转运分配能力的差异。【结果】两类品种小麦拔节期前根系特性无明显差异,拔节期之后氮高效品种周麦27、郑麦366和氮低效品种周麦28根系生物量、根冠比、根系总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积均显著高于氮低效品种开麦20。氮高效品种周麦27、郑麦366根系活力显著高于氮低效品种周麦28和开麦20。氮高效品种周麦27、郑麦366和氮低效品种周麦28氮素积累量和花后氮素吸收量也显著高于氮低效品种开麦20。氮高效品种周麦27、郑麦366籽粒产量、植株氮素利用效率、氮肥生理利用率、花前氮素转运量、氮素籽粒分配比例均显著高于氮低效品种周麦28、开麦20。与常规供氮水平相比,降低供氮量,4个基因型小麦根系生物量、根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系活力、成熟氮素积累量、花前氮素转运量和产量降低,根冠比、氮素吸收效率、植株氮素利用效率和氮肥生理利用效率升高。增加供氮量,根系生物量表现为周麦27、郑麦366、开麦20降低而周麦28增加。4个基因型小麦根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系活力、成熟期氮素积累量、花前氮素转运量和产量均显著升高,而根冠比、氮素吸收效率、植株氮素利用效率和氮肥生理利用率降低。【结论】氮高效品种周麦27、郑麦366较高的根系生物量、根系活力、根系总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积促进了其对氮素的吸收,是氮高效的基础。较高的氮素转运、氮素籽粒分配能力和合理的根冠比促进了其对氮素的高效利用,是氮高效的关键。氮低效品种周麦28虽然也有较强的氮素吸收能力,但其氮素转运能力过低、生育后期根冠比过大限制了植株对氮素的合理利用,不利于氮效率的提高。氮低效品种开麦20氮素吸收能力不足,不能满足地上部生长的需要,限制了氮效率的提高。
[Abstract]:[Objective] through the analysis of characteristics and differences of N absorption and utilization of different winter wheat genotypes, clear nitrogen absorption of wheat genotypes with different nitrogen efficiency by physiological mechanism, to provide theoretical basis for breeding wheat varieties with high nitrogen efficiency and high efficiency cultivation. [method] 2012 - 2015 by the combination of field experiment and pot experiment based on the selection of varieties with different nitrogen efficiency, the nitrogen efficient varieties Zhoumai 27, Zhengmai 366 and n-inefficient cultivar Zhoumai 28, Kmap 20 as test material, study the relationship of root and shoot under the different nitrogen levels, root biomass, root absorption area, root active absorption area, root activity and on the ground, underground distribution difference nitrogen translocation ability. [results] two varieties of wheat root characteristics before jointing stage had no significant difference after jointing stage nitrogen efficient varieties Zhoumai 27, Zhengmai 366 and 28 root biomass, nitrogen inefficient cultivar Zhoumai shoot ratio, total root absorption area and root active absorption area were significantly higher than that of low nitrogen efficiency varieties of 20. wheat varieties with high nitrogen efficiency Zhoumai 27, Zhengmai 366 root vigor was higher than n-inefficient cultivar Zhoumai 28 and 20. wheat varieties with high nitrogen efficiency Zhoumai 27, accumulation flowers and Zhengmai 366 and n-inefficient cultivar Zhoumai 28 after nitrogen nitrogen uptake was significantly higher than that in low nitrogen efficiency varieties of 20. wheat varieties with high nitrogen efficiency Zhoumai 27, Zhengmai 366 grain yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency, pre anthesis nitrogen translocation amount of nitrogen grain distribution ratio were significantly higher than n-inefficient cultivars Zhoumai 28, Kmap 20. with conventional nitrogen levels compared to reduce the amount of nitrogen, wheat root biomass of 4 genotypes, total root absorption area, root active absorption area, root activity, accumulation of nitrogen decreased before maturity, nitrogen translocation amount and yield , root shoot ratio, nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen physiological use efficiency increased. The increase of nitrogen amount, root biomass showed Zhoumai 27, Zhengmai 366, Kmap 20 decreased and Zhoumai 28.4 genotypes of wheat increased the root total absorption area, root activity and root active absorption area. The accumulation of nitrogen, mature period, pre anthesis nitrogen translocation amount and yield were significantly increased, while the root shoot ratio, nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen physiological utilization rate decreased. [Conclusion] n efficiency cultivar Zhoumai 27, root vigor, root biomass of Zhengmai 366 higher, total root absorption area and root the active absorption area to promote the absorption of nitrogen, nitrogen is efficient. Higher nitrogen translocation, nitrogen grain distribution and reasonable ratio of root to promote the efficient use of nitrogen, nitrogen is the key to efficient n-inefficient cultivar Zhoumai 28. Although there is a strong ability to absorb nitrogen, but its nitrogen transport capacity is too low, the ratio of root to shoot large growth stage limits the rational utilization of nitrogen, nitrogen is not conducive to improving the efficiency of low nitrogen efficiency varieties of wheat. 20 nitrogen absorption ability is insufficient, can not meet the growth needs, to limit nitrogen efficiency.

【作者单位】：河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协调创新中心/小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室;河南农业大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31301281,31271650) 河南省基础与前沿技术研究项目(152300410069) 河南省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系(S2010-01-G04)
【分类号】：S512.1
【正文快照】： Analysis of Root Absorption Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilizationof Wheat Genotypes with Different N EfficiencyXIONG Shu-ping1,WU Ke-yuan 1,WANG Xiao-chun1,2,ZHANG Jie1,DU Pan1,WU Yi-xin1,MA Xin-ming1(1College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University

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