地黄属植物叶属性、繁育特征及相关基因研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 22:15

本文选题：地黄属　切入点：分布区模拟　出处：《西北大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：物种的生物学特性(包括表型、生理、繁殖特征等)都是物种与环境相互作用、长期进化的产物,其实质是遗传系统改变的结果。本研究以地黄属为研究对象,从物种分布区、繁殖特性、叶属性及遗传等方面揭示地黄属各物种间的差异性,探讨物种分化的基础,主要结果如下：(1)本研究用Maxent模拟地黄属植物当代和未来的分布区,结果显示除湖北地黄外其它四个物种的当代分布区模拟和实际的分布区有很高的一致性。预测在未来除湖北地黄外地黄属其它物种的分布区范围变化不大：天目地黄依然分布于江浙一带,裂叶地黄和茄叶地黄分布于华中,地黄广布于中国西北、华北和东北地区。而从分布区模拟结果分析,湖北地黄分布于华东和华中地区。(2)繁育特征观测分析表明,地黄属植物的花是两性花,单花的花期为5-7天,整个种群的花期为40-60天。地黄属植物在花序类型、花形态、花粉量、花粉/胚珠比例等方面都存在差异,其中茄叶地黄的花粉完全败育。地黄属植物的繁育系统属于异交,部分自交亲和,需传粉者,且不具有无融合生殖的特性,我们在地黄与茄叶地黄中发现存在强烈营养繁殖；地黄属植物的花朵基部有蜜腺可以产生糖浓度较高的花蜜,这也支持传粉者的存在。然而除地黄确定为蜜蜂传粉外,在野外并未观测到其它地黄属植物的有效传粉者,这可能与地黄属植物散生的特性、相互隔离的生境以及传粉观测期恶劣的气象条件有关,本属植物较长的花期能有效弥补传粉者访问频率低的不足。综合观测分析结果,除了遗传屏障以外,我们推测地黄属五个物种花展示方式的差异可能吸引不同的传粉者,加上地理、生态因素的作用导致地黄属植物繁育系统的分化。(3)对地黄属植物的叶属性研究表明,湖北地黄的比叶面积小,比叶重大,能在不良环境下生长；天目地黄的比叶面积最大而比叶重最小,在资源丰富环境适宜的条件下能很好的生长。茄叶地黄的氮的含量和磷含量均最低,我们推测茄叶地黄的光合速率较低,根据光合生理的研究也表明一致的结果。随着光照强度的增加,地黄属植物的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均有不同程度的增加,而胞间CO2浓度明显降低。在这五个物种中,地黄的净光合速率、光饱和点、气孔面积和栅栏组织的厚度均最高,而胞间CO2浓度、气孔密度最低,这表明地黄的同化能力、对强光的适应能力较强,适应干旱强光下生长。湖北地黄和裂叶地黄的这种能力次之。茄叶地黄和天目地黄的光补偿点最低,对弱光的适应能力较强,且这两种地黄的分布区降水量较高,适合生长在在湿润弱光条件下,生长速率较低,这和叶功能性状中天目地黄和茄叶地黄高的氮磷比相一致。相关性分析显示,光合生理指数与叶片内部结构指标(栅栏组织／叶厚)呈负相关(r=-0.538,P=0.092),与生态因子(最湿季节的平均温度)呈显著性相关(r=0.719,P=0.025),与叶属性中叶片结构型性状呈负相关(r=-0.267,P=0.599)。(4)根据地黄属植物花的颜色不同以及茄叶地黄的花粉败育挑选了MADS-box基因家族中调控花器官的PI基因,根据雄性不育性与叶绿素组分及遗传系统的关系及叶绿素的含量对植物光合作用的影响挑选了HEMA基因,经分析此基因中序列均不存在连锁,对所得序列分别进行ML聚类树分析,结果和前人研究结果基本一致。经MFDM检验表明,PI基因和HEMA基因不受自然选择。
[Abstract]:The biological characteristics of species (including the phenotype, physiological and reproductive characteristics, etc.) are interaction between species and environment, the result of the long-term evolution, its essence is the result of a change in the genetic system. In this study, Rehmannia as the research object, from the distribution of species, reproductive characteristics, leaf properties and genetic aspects reveal the difference of Rehmannia the species, based on species differentiation, the main results are as follows: (1) the study of Rehmannia plant of contemporary and future distribution area is simulated by Maxent, the results showed that the distribution area of contemporary distribution simulation in Hubei outside the other four species of Rehmannia glutinosa and actual have high consistency. In prediction in the future the distribution area of Hubei belongs to the field of yellow little change in other species of Rehmannia chingii: still located in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Scrophulariaceae and eggplant leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa distributed in China, widely distributed in the Northwest China rehmannia, North and northeast regions. Analysis and simulation results from the distribution area of Hubei, located in the eastern and central regions of rehmannia. (2) analysis shows that the breeding characteristics observed, Rehmannia flowers are hermaphrodite flowers, single flowering for 5-7 days, the entire population of the flowering period is 40-60 days. Rehmannia plants in the inflorescence type, flower shape, pollen amount and there are differences in pollen / ovule ratio, the tomato leaf of Rehmannia glutinosa pollen abortion completely. Rehmannia plant breeding system belongs to outcrossing, partially self compatible and need pollinators, and do not have the characteristics of apomixis, we found in Rehmannia Root and tomato leaf in Rehmannia Rehmannia have strong vegetative propagation; the base of the flower plants have nectary can produce high concentration of sugar in the nectar, also support pollinators. However, in addition to Rehmannia identified as bee pollination, effective pollination in the field is not observed in other plants of the genus rehmannia, which may be related to Rehmannia The characteristics of plants scattered, the isolated habitat and pollination observation period of bad weather conditions, the longer the genus of flowering plants can effectively compensate for inadequate pollinator visits at low frequency. The comprehensive observation and analysis results, in addition to genetic barrier, we speculate that the difference of Rehmannia five physical flower display methods may attract different pollinators plus, geography, ecological factors lead to the differentiation of Rehmannia plant breeding system. (3) study shows that leaf attribute of Rehmannia plant, Hubei Rehmannia leaf area, ratio of leaf weight, can grow in poor environment; chingii specific leaf area and specific leaf weight minimum. Can grow very well in the resource rich environment suitable conditions. Content and phosphorus content of eggplant leaves the nitrogen was the lowest, we hypothesized that tomato leaf of Rehmannia glutinosa with lower photosynthetic rate, according to the photosynthetic physiological research also shows that a The results. With the increase of light intensity, net photosynthesis of Rehmannia plant photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency increased in varying degrees, while the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased significantly. In the five species, the net photosynthetic rate of the light yellow, light saturation point, stomatal area and the palisade tissue thickness were the highest, while the intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal density was the lowest, which indicates that the assimilation of rehmannia, strong strong ability to adapt, adapt to the growth of Hubei and drought and strong light. The Scrophulariaceae Rehmannia secondary. The lowest light compensation point qieyu Rehmannia chingii and the strong to the weak light adaptation, and the distribution of precipitation in the area of the two higher for the growth of rehmannia, in moist under low light conditions, the growth rate is low, and the nitrogen and phosphorus of leaf functional traits in eggplant leaves of Rehmannia chingii and higher than consistent. Correlation analysis showed that light Photosynthetic physiology index and leaf structure index (palisade tissue / leaf thickness) were negatively correlated (r=-0.538, P=0.092), and ecological factors (the average temperature of the wet season) were significantly correlated (r=0.719, P=0.025), and leaf blade structure attribute traits were negatively correlated (r= -0.267 (P=0.599). 4) according to the PI gene of Rehmannia flower color and different tomato leaf of Rehmannia glutinosa pollen abortion selected MADS-box gene family in regulation of floral organs, according to the relationship between the content of male sterility and chlorophyll composition and genetic system on plant photosynthesis and chlorophyll of the selected HEMA gene by sequence analysis of this gene in there are no linkage, the obtained sequences were analyzed with ML clustering tree, consistent results and previous research results. The MFDM test showed that the PI gene and HEMA gene from natural selection.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q949

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