蘖穗氮肥追施比例对水稻灌浆成熟期Rubisco和GS同工型基因表达量的影响

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:36

本文选题：粳稻　切入点：氮素　出处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：【目的】氮素营养影响着水稻灌浆过程中核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)基因转录表达量,研究其变化动态及其与不同形态氮含量的关系,旨在为阐明氮素营养对光合效率和籽粒蛋白质积累的影响分子调控机理提供理论依据。【方法】选用寒地粳稻穗数型高产品种和穗重型超级稻品种进行盆栽试验。施肥比例为N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1∶0.5∶1,氮肥50%作为基肥,其余作分蘖肥和穗肥追施,分蘖肥和穗肥比例为10%∶40%、20%∶30%、30%∶20%、40%∶10%。分析了水稻灌浆过程中Rubisco和GS基因转录表达量及不同形态氮的积累动态。【结果】增加穗肥氮素施用量可显著提高水稻灌浆过程中叶片和籽粒的全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量;增加穗肥比例不同程度的上调了Rubisco大亚基和小亚基基因的m RNA表达量,其中Os RBCSL、Os RBCS2和Os RBCS4表达上调显著,Os RBCS3和Os RBCS5表达上调较小;穗肥比例增加延长了Rubisco各亚基基因高表达持续时间,增加了水稻灌浆中期和后期叶片中Os GS1;1和Os GS2基因的转录表达量以及籽粒Os GS1;1基因的转录表达量和整个灌浆过程中Os GS1;3基因的转录表达量。Rubisco五个亚基基因的转录表达量与叶片NO3 -N和全氮含量间以及叶片和籽粒中GS基因的转录表达量与NH4+-N和全氮含量间均呈显著或极显著的正相关。【结论】在灌浆过程中Os RBCL基因和GS基因的转录表达量变化动态不因品种或氮素营养不同而发生质的变化,不同基因对氮素营养的响应程度并不相同,增加叶片NO3 -N和全氮含量,可以显著提高Rubisco基因的转录表达量,增加灌浆成熟期叶片和籽粒的NH4+-N和全氮含量,可以显著提高叶片和籽粒的GS基因转录表达量。
[Abstract]:[objective] nitrogen nutrition affected the transcription and expression of ribonose 5-diphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (Rubiscoc) and glutamine synthase (Glutamine synthase) during grain filling in rice, and studied their dynamic changes and their relationship with nitrogen contents in different forms. The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of nitrogen nutrition on photosynthetic efficiency and grain protein accumulation. [methods] pot experiments were carried out in cold area japonica rice varieties with high yield per ear and heavy panicle super rice varieties. The fertilization ratio is N: P2O5: K2O-1: 1: 0.5: 1, and the nitrogen fertilizer is 50% as the base fertilizer. The rest were topdressing tillering and panicle, The ratio of tiller fertilizer to grain fertilizer was 10: 40, 20: 30 and 30: 20. The transcriptional expression of Rubisco and GS genes and the accumulation of nitrogen in different forms during grain filling in rice were analyzed. [results] the total nitrogen in leaves and kernels during grain filling was significantly increased by increasing the amount of nitrogen applied in panicle fertilizer. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and increasing the ratio of spike fertilizer upregulated the expression of m RNA of Rubisco large subunit and small subunit gene to different extent, and the expression of Os RBCS3 and Os RBCS5 was significantly up-regulated by Os RBCSL RBCS2 and Os RBCS4. The increase of panicle fertilizer ratio prolonged the duration of high expression of Rubisco subunit genes. The transcriptional expression of Os GS1t1 and Os GS2 genes was increased in the middle and late filling stage of rice, and the transcriptional expression of Os GS1t1 gene in grain and the transcription expression of Os GS1P3 gene during grain filling were also increased. The transcription of five subunits of Rubisco gene was also increased. There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the expression of GS gene and the content of NH4 -N and total nitrogen in leaves and grains. [conclusion] during grain filling, Os RBCL gene and GS gene were positively correlated with GS gene expression. [conclusion] there is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the expression of GS gene and the content of NH4 N and total nitrogen in leaves and grains. The dynamic changes of transcription and expression levels do not change qualitatively according to the variety or nitrogen nutrition. The response of different genes to nitrogen nutrition was different. Increasing the content of NO3 and total nitrogen in leaves could significantly increase the transcription and expression of Rubisco gene, and increase the content of NH4 -N and total nitrogen in leaves and kernels during grain filling and ripening. The transcriptional expression of GS gene in leaves and grains was significantly increased.
【作者单位】：东北农业大学农学院;
【基金】：科技部“十三五”科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B05-11) 东北农业大学学科团队建设项目黑龙江省粮食产能提升协同创新中心资助
【分类号】：S511

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