材料基因工程与核燃料元件材料

发布时间：2018-03-30 19:30

本文选题：材料基因工程　切入点：核燃料元件材料　出处：《中国材料进展》2017年06期

【摘要】：核能由于其高能量密度和低污染排放等优点,已经成为未来能源的重要组成部分。然而,民用核燃料材料因其特殊的放射性,实验研究的安全防护成本极高,尤其是经过辐照后的核燃料材料,分析和表征手段极其有限,如果采用传统的"试错法"材料研发方法,将会使材料的研发成本大幅提高,因此,材料基因工程的研究思路正是适合于新型民用核燃料材料研究的技术路线。本研究组多年来以开发新型民用核燃料元件材料为目标,通过第一性原理和CALPHAD技术的结合,先后建立了U、Pu等锕系元素的多组元热力学数据库,并建立了辐照场作用下的热力学模型,对辐照场作用下核燃料材料的相变热力学和动力学进行了深入研究,在热力学数据库的基础上,运用相场动力学模型对核燃料元件材料的凝固和时效过程组织演化规律进行了系统的研究。这种基于材料基因工程的多尺度、多组元的材料设计研发思路为我国新一代具有自主知识产权的民用核燃料元件材料的成分设计、组织控制、工艺优化、性能改善及服役时间预测提供了重要的理论基础,同时对材料基因工程方法在材料开发中的广泛应用具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Because of its advantages of high energy density and low pollution emission, nuclear energy has become an important component of energy in the future. However, because of its special radioactivity, the safety and protection costs of experimental research are extremely high. In particular, the means of analysis and characterization of irradiated nuclear fuel materials are extremely limited. If the traditional method of "trial and error" material development is adopted, the cost of material research and development will be greatly increased. The research idea of material genetic engineering is just the technical route suitable for the research of new civil nuclear fuel materials. For many years, this research group has aimed at developing new civilian nuclear fuel element materials, through the combination of first principles and CALPHAD technology. The multicomponent thermodynamics database of actinides such as UPu has been established, and the thermodynamic model of radiation field has been established. The thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transition of nuclear fuel materials under irradiation field have been studied in depth. On the basis of thermodynamics database, phase field dynamics model is used to systematically study the microstructure evolution of the solidification and aging process of nuclear fuel element materials, which is based on the multi-scale material genetic engineering. The research and development of multicomponent materials provide an important theoretical basis for the composition design, organization control, process optimization, performance improvement and service time prediction of the new generation of civil nuclear fuel element materials with independent intellectual property rights in China. At the same time, it is of great significance for the wide application of material genetic engineering in material development.
【作者单位】：厦门大学材料学院;表面物理与化学重点实验室;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费(20720170038) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(91226023)
【分类号】：TL34

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