谈转基因管理中的预防原则及其实施

发布时间：2018-04-08 15:29

本文选题：预防原则　切入点：转基因法　出处：《中国生物工程杂志》2017年07期

【摘要】："转基因安全性尚未确定"是反对转基因的各界人士的共同理由,并进而引用预防原则来否定转基因技术的产业化,这个错误观点很大程度上是因为对转基因预防原则的误读和对在转基因预防原则下的转基因安全评估的不了解。作为转基因技术和产品管理的全球性共识,转基因预防原则源自《里约宣言》,并在《卡塔赫纳协议》中获得实施,进而通过世界卫生组织的评估框架建议和国际食品法典委员会建议的细则条例,指导各国的转基因相关立法和管理。通过了政府主导的第三方权威机构转基因安全评估并获得安全证书后的转基因种植和食品都是安全性已经确定并获得保障的,此时预防原则已经实施,转基因产品进入市场阶段后,预防原则的前提已经不存在,不再适合用不确定的观点看待转基因产品,否则会带来误导和对新技术、新产品的歧视,影响科学决策,阻碍采用新技术推动社会经济发展。我国的转基因管理遵循预防为主的理念和慎重的原则,预防原则与预防为主的原则在中文里不加区别的翻译也是造成误读的原因,因此在转基因产品通过了安全评估进入市场阶段时,不再重复强调预防原则,将有利于公众正确理解安全评估和理性选择。
[Abstract]:"the safety of GM has not yet been determined" is the common reason of people from all walks of life who oppose GMO, and the principle of prevention is used to negate the industrialization of GMOs.This misconception is largely due to misreading of GM prevention principles and lack of understanding of GM safety assessments under GM prevention principles.As a global consensus on GM technology and product management, the principle of GM prevention derives from the Rio Declaration and is implemented in the Cartagena Agreement,Then through the World Health Organization evaluation framework recommendations and the International Codex Alimentarius Commission recommended bylaws and regulations to guide the legislation and regulation of genetically modified countries.The safety of GM cultivation and food after passing the GMO safety assessment and obtaining the safety certificate of the third party authority led by the government has been determined and guaranteed, and the precautionary principle has been implemented.After GM products enter the market stage, the premise of the precautionary principle no longer exists, and it is no longer suitable to view GMOs from an uncertain perspective. Otherwise, it will lead to misinformation and discrimination against new technologies and products and affect scientific decision-making.Hinder the adoption of new technology to promote social and economic development.The administration of GM in our country follows the principle of prevention and prudence. The principle of prevention and the principle of preemption are also the causes of misreading in Chinese.Therefore, when the GM products pass the safety assessment and enter the market stage, it will be helpful for the public to correctly understand the safety assessment and rational choice by not emphasizing the precautionary principle again.
【作者单位】：中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所;
【分类号】：D99;Q78

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