不同基因型玉米品种抗旱性评价

发布时间：2018-04-15 01:21

本文选题：玉米 + 抗旱性　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：干旱是玉米产量的第一限制因素。增加灌溉设施改善环境,增强植物适应干旱能力是提高作物抗旱性的主要途径。认识作物抗旱特性,筛选抗旱品种是解决干旱的有效手段。本研究在我国玉米三大主产区选择7个有代表性的地点,选取抗旱性良好的玉米杂交种,于2014-2016年进行了2个水分处理(干旱、灌水)的试验研究,调查与抗旱性相关农艺性状、干物质积累量和产量,通过分析抗旱指数、耐旱指数和胁迫敏感指数,评价不同玉米品种的抗旱特性,结果如下:1、干旱降低玉米出苗率、SPAD、干物质积累量,增加株高整齐度,延长吐丝散粉间隔期(ASI),陕单609、登海605、中种8号等7个玉米品种抗旱性较好的玉米品种表现为出苗率、干物质积累量高,株高整齐度、ASI较小,SPAD值稳定。2、基因型效应、处理效应、试点效应、基因型与处理互作效应、基因型与试点互作效应、基因型与试点及处理互作效应分别占总处理变异的3.77%、20.08%、43.19%、0.81%、11.60%、3.85%,处理、试点、基因型与处理互作、基因型与试点互作、基因型与试点及处理互作分别是基因型效应的5.35、11.46、0.21、3.08、1.05倍,说明不同玉米品种不同地点不同处理之间产量变化较大。3、以产量、变异系数和GGE双标图分析,中种8号、先玉335、伟科702、郑单958、陕单609、晋单81号等6个品种3个年份的平均产量水平高,变异系数小,稳定性好,属于高产稳产玉米品种。4、以抗旱指数、耐旱指数、胁迫敏感指数和GGE双标图分析,晋单81号、先玉335、中种8号、郑单958、伟科702、陕单609和登海605等7个品种3个年份的抗旱指数、耐旱指数高,稳定性好,属于抗旱性较好玉米品种。5、多年多点示范,陕单609产量水平、出苗整齐、ASI小,抗旱性好。6、以直接鉴定和间接鉴定的方法分析参加3年试验的7个玉米品种的抗旱性,产量和农艺性状表现都较好的玉米品种有先玉335和陕单609。
[Abstract]:Drought is the first limiting factor in corn yield.Increasing irrigation facilities to improve the environment and the ability of plants to adapt to drought are the main ways to improve the drought resistance of crops.Understanding the drought resistance characteristics of crops and screening drought-resistant varieties are effective means to solve drought.In this study, 7 representative sites were selected in three major maize production areas in China, and maize hybrids with good drought resistance were selected. Two water treatments (drought, irrigation) were carried out in 2014-2016, and the agronomic characters related to drought resistance were investigated.Dry matter accumulation and yield, drought resistance index, drought tolerance index and stress sensitivity index were analyzed to evaluate drought resistance characteristics of different maize varieties. The results were as follows: 1. Drought reduced seedling emergence rate of maize and SPAD, increased dry matter accumulation and increased plant height uniformity.Seven maize varieties with good drought resistance, such as ASIZN, Shandan 609, Denghai 605, Zhongxiao 8, had high seedling emergence rate, high dry matter accumulation, stable SPAD value of smaller ASI value, genotype effect and treatment effect, respectively, in prolonging the interval period between silking and silking, Shandan 609, Denghai 605 and Zhongxiao 8, respectively.Pilot effect, genotype and treatment interaction effect, genotype and pilot interaction effect, genotype and pilot and treatment interaction effect accounted for 3.77% of total treatment variation, respectively. 43.1908% and 0.881% of total treatment variation, treatment, experiment, genotype and treatment interaction, genotype and pilot interaction, genotype and pilot interaction,The effects of genotype, pilot and treatment were 5.35%, 11.466%, 0.21% and 3.08% of genotype effect, respectively, indicating that the yield of different maize varieties varied greatly between different treatments. The yield, coefficient of variation and GGE double map analysis showed that the yield of different maize varieties varied greatly with different treatments.Shenyu 335, Weike 702, Zhengdan 958, Shandan 609 and Jindan 81 had high average yield level, small coefficient of variation and good stability in three years. They belonged to high yield and stable yield maize variety .4. the drought resistance index and drought tolerance index were taken as the index of drought resistance and drought tolerance.Stress sensitive index and GGE double map analysis, Jindan 81, Xianyu 335, Zhongcai 8, Zhengdan 958, Weike 702, Shandan 609 and Denghai 605 had high drought tolerance index and good stability.It belongs to the better drought-resistant maize variety .5. it has been demonstrated for many years, the yield level of Shandan 609 is low, the emergence of seedlings neat and the ASI is small, and the drought resistance is good. The drought resistance of 7 maize varieties that participated in the 3-year experiment was analyzed by direct and indirect identification methods.The maize varieties with better yield and agronomic characters were Xianyu 335 and Shandan 609.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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