不同越冬饲料对蜜蜂中肠消化酶活性、组织发育状态以及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 10:01

本文选题：糖源类型 + 越冬饲料　；参考：《动物营养学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究不同越冬饲料对蜜蜂中肠消化酶活性、组织发育状态以及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响,以便为广大蜂农选择越冬饲料提供参考。在2015年10月底选取群势相当的本地意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)越冬蜂群(群内无储备越冬饲料脾)9群(5框蜂/群),随机分为3个试验组(3群/组),从11月2号开始分别以蜂蜜(蜂蜜组)、果葡糖浆(果葡糖浆组)和白砂糖水(白砂糖∶水=2∶1,蔗糖组)为越冬饲料进行饲喂,饲喂至11月下旬蜂群进入越冬期。整个试验期为2015年10月底至2016年3月初。分别于越冬前(11月初)、越冬中期(1月初)和越冬后(3月初)采集蜜蜂中肠,测定中肠消化酶(淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶)活性,在越冬中期采集蜜蜂中肠用于中肠组织发育状态和抗氧化酶基因[超氧化物歧化酶1(Sod1)、超氧化物歧化酶2(Sod2)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]相对表达量等指标的检测。结果表明:在越冬中期,果葡糖浆组和蜂蜜组的蜜蜂中肠内淀粉酶活性显著高于蔗糖组(P0.05)。在越冬中期和越冬后,饲喂不同越冬饲料的蜜蜂中肠内蔗糖酶活性差异不显著(P0.05)。在越冬中期,果葡糖浆组的蜜蜂中肠内蛋白酶活性显著高于蔗糖组和蜂蜜组(P0.05)。蜂蜜组和蔗糖组的蜜蜂中肠肠壁厚度极显著大于果葡糖浆组(P0.01),且蜂蜜组和蔗糖组的蜜蜂中肠隐窝深度也极显著大于果葡糖浆组(P0.01)。在越冬中期,蔗糖组的蜜蜂中肠Sod1基因的相对表达量显著高于蜂蜜组和果葡糖浆组(P0.05)。由此得出,蜂蜜能够提高越冬蜂中肠消化酶活性,蜂蜜和白砂糖有利于越冬蜂中肠组织的发育,而且白砂糖能够提高越冬蜂中肠抗氧化酶基因的表达。因此,蜂蜜和白砂糖比果葡糖浆更适合作为蜜蜂的越冬饲料。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different overwintering diets on digestive enzyme activity, tissue development state and antioxidant enzyme gene expression of honeybee midgut, so as to provide reference for the selection of winter feed by bee farmers.Apis mellifera L., a native Italian bee, was selected at the end of October 2015.The overwintering bee colony (there is no reserve feed for wintering in the colony of Sendrocerus japonicus) was randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and 3 groups / group. Since Nov 2, honey (honey group), fructose syrup (fructose syrup group) and white sugar water have been used respectively.(sugar: water 2: 1, sucrose group) for overwintering feed,The beehives were fed into overwintering period until late November.The whole trial period is from late October 2015 to early March 2016.The midgut of honeybee was collected at the beginning of November, mid-winter and early January respectively. The activities of digestive enzymes (amylase, sucrase and protease) were measured.The midgut of honeybee was collected in the middle of winter for the detection of tissue development status and the relative expression of antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1) Sod1, superoxide dismutase (2) Sod2) and catalase (CAT).The results showed that the activity of amylase in the midgut of honeybee in fructose syrup group and honey group was significantly higher than that in sucrose group (P 0.05).There was no significant difference in sucrase activity in midgut of honeybee fed with different overwintering feed during and after wintering.In the middle of winter, the activity of protease in the midgut of honeybee in fructose syrup group was significantly higher than that in sucrose group and honey group (P 0.05).The thickness of midgut wall in honey group and sucrose group was significantly higher than that in fructose syrup group (P 0.01), and the depth of honeybee midgut crypt in honey group and sucrose group was significantly higher than that in fructose syrup group (P 0.01).In the middle of winter, the relative expression of Sod1 gene in midgut of sucrose group was significantly higher than that of honey group and fructose syrup group.It is concluded that honey can increase the activity of midgut digestive enzyme, honey and sugar can promote the development of midgut tissue, and sugar can increase the expression of antioxidant enzyme gene in midgut of overwintering bee.Honey and sugar are therefore more suitable for the winter feed of bees than fructose syrup.
【作者单位】：山东农业大学动物科技学院;
【基金】：国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-45) 山东省农业良种工程项目“优质高产蜜蜂及蚕桑新品种培育”(2014—2016)
【分类号】：S894

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