水稻产量与品质相关性状的遗传分析与基因挖掘

发布时间：2018-05-05 21:46

  本文选题：水稻 + 产量性状　； 参考：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：水稻是重要的粮食作物,高产优质一直是水稻遗传育种的主要目标,营养功能型稻米品质改良是水稻育种的新方向。本论文利用重组自交系(Recombinant inbred lines, RILs)群体和两个关联分析群体对水稻的产量性状、农艺性状、淀粉品质及营养品质性状进行了数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus, QTL)定位,为培育高产优质水稻挖掘有利等位基因。主要研究结果如下(1) 利用RIL群体和简化基因组测序技术(Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing, SLAF-Seq)对水稻粒重QTL的快速定位及其育种应用。以大粒低直链淀粉含量的水稻种质M201和小粒高直链淀粉含量水稻品种嘉育293(JY293)构建的RIL群体为材料,利用SLAF-Seq和连锁图谱相结合的方法,在第3染色体上快速定位到3个粒重QTL, qTGW3.1、qTGW3.2和qTGW3.3,分别与已克隆或定位的GS3、qGL3和qTGW3.3位置相近。根据他们对粒重的贡献分析和分子标记设计我们提出了大粒水稻分子育种的二个方案：(1)利用qTGW3.2的大粒等位基因开展回交育种；(2)聚合qTGW3.1和qTGW3.3的两个大粒等位基因。(2) 利用RIL群体对水稻重要产量相关农艺性状的QTL定位。通过2012和2013两年的QTL定位结果发现,两年共定位到37个QTL,其中14个QTL在两年均检测到。位于第2和3染色体有4个已经克隆或定位的基因簇(GW2、GS3、qGL3和 qTGW3.3),不仅与粒形性状相关,也与株型相关。另外,我们定位到3个两年均检测到的微效QTL(qTGW3.0、qGL2.2和qETN4)。(3) 利用RIL群体定位了稻米淀粉品质的QTL。根据亲本的Wx基因型将整个RIL群体分为Wx-M201亚群和Wx-JY293亚群,并利用这三个群体分别进行了QTL定位。整个RIL中,共定位到29个QTL;两个亚群共定位到10个QTL,其中4个(qPRO3.1、 qPV9、qHPV9和qCS7)在整个群体中也能定位到。除了Wx基因对表观直链淀粉含量(AAC)和大多数淀粉粘滞性谱(RVA谱)具有很大作用外,在第2、3、5、6和9染色体上有6个QTL簇与淀粉品质相关。另外,第9染色体的一个与最高黏度(PV)、热浆黏度(HPV)和冷浆黏度(CPV)相关的QTL簇与ISA3位置相近；而第6染色体的一个与糊化温度相关的QTL簇与SSI基因位置相近。(4) 利用关联定位群体对稻米淀粉品质开展了全基因组关联分析。运用混合线性模型在whole panel、Panel 1、Panel 2、籼稻panel和粳稻panel中分别检测到29、24、16、17和29个QTLs除了Wx基因外,有12个QTLs在两个群体中检测到,3个QTL在3个群体中检测到,2个QTL在4个群体中检测到。第11染色体上定位到的蛋白质QTL (chr.11:22240707-22563596)和第5染色体的同时是PV、HPV和最高黏度时间(PeT)的QTL (chr.5:7756614-8042699)在两个以上的群体中检测到。一些QTL位点与淀粉合成酶基因位置相近,如ISA3、SSIV-1和AGPL2。第7染色体的崩解值(BD) QTL (chr.7:1118122～1967247)在整个群体和粳稻panel中检测到,而第7染色体的另一与BD和消减值(SB)的QTL chr.7:25312126～26540950)在、vhole panel和籼稻panel中检测到,表明这两个基因可能与群体结构相关。(5) 利用关联定位群体对稻米多酚和抗氧化特性开展了全基因组关联分析。将含有120份水稻材料的关联群体(whole panel),按照种皮颜色分为红米和白米两个panel,然后对多酚的相关性状分别进行了全基因组关联分析。在红米panel和白米panel中分别检测到了9种和8种酚酸成分。红米的自由酚酸含量显著高于白米的自由酚酸含量,而两者的结合酚酸含量无显著差别,仅与品种相关。红米的自由酚酸含量是其结合酚酸的7倍左右,而白米的自由酚酸与其结合酚酸含量相当。在whole panel中检测到30个QTLs,在白米panel中检测到22个QTLs,红米panel中没有检测到QTL。 Re是控制在自由酚酸及其相关性状的重要QTL。另外,在whole panel中检测到2个自由酚相关性状的QTL (chr:24392269; chr.9:6670223),在白米panel中检测到两个与自由酚相关性状QTLs (chr.4:34120529; chr.11:28947480)和在两个群体中共检测到一个阿魏酸QTL (chr.11:23220681)。
[Abstract]:Rice is an important grain crop, high yield and quality have always been the main target of rice genetic breeding. The improvement of nutritional functional rice quality is the new direction of rice breeding. This paper uses the recombinant inbred line (Recombinant inbred lines, RILs) population and two related analysis groups to yield traits, agronomic traits, starch quality and camp of rice. The quantitative trait loci (Quantitative trait locus, QTL) were used to locate the favorable alleles for the cultivation of high yield and high quality rice. The main results were as follows (1) the rapid localization of rice grain weight QTL by RIL population and simplified genome sequencing technology (Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing, SLAF-Seq). The RIL population constructed by rice germplasm M201 with large grain low amylose content and small grain high amylose content rice variety JIAYE 293 (JY293) was used to quickly locate 3 grain weight QTL, qTGW3.1, qTGW3.2 and qTGW3.3 on the third chromosome with the combination of SLAF-Seq and linkage map. The positions of GS3, qGL3 and qTGW3.3 are similar. According to their contribution to grain weight analysis and molecular marker design, we put forward two schemes for molecular breeding of large grain rice: (1) backcross breeding by large grain alleles of qTGW3.2; (2) two large grain alleles for polymerization of qTGW3.1 and qTGW3.3. (2) the importance of RIL population to rice is important. QTL location of Yield Related Agronomic traits. Through the QTL localization results of 2012 and 2013 years, we found a total of 37 QTL in two years, of which 14 QTL were detected in two years. There were 4 cloned or localized gene clusters on the second and third chromosome (GW2, GS3, qGL3 and qTGW3.3), not only related to the grain shape, but also related to the plant type. Microsatellite QTL (qTGW3.0, qGL2.2 and qETN4) detected for 3 years. (3) QTL. based on RIL population based on RIL population, the whole RIL population was divided into Wx-M201 subgroup and Wx-JY293 subgroup according to the parent's Wx genotype, and QTL localization was carried out by the three populations. In the whole RIL, there were 29 subgroups and two subgroups. A total of 10 QTL were located, of which 4 (qPRO3.1, qPV9, qHPV9, and qCS7) could also be located in the whole population. Besides the Wx gene had a great effect on the apparent amylose content (AAC) and most starch stickiness spectrum (RVA spectrum), there were 6 QTL clusters on the 2,3,5,6 and 9 chromosomes related to the starch quality. In addition, one of the ninth chromosomes was the most important. The QTL cluster related to the viscosity (PV) of the high viscosity (HPV) and the viscosity of the cold pulp (CPV) was similar to the ISA3 position; and a QTL cluster related to the gelatinization temperature of the sixth chromosome was similar to the SSI gene. (4) the whole genome association analysis was carried out on the rice starch quality by using the associated loci. The mixed linear model was used in whole panel, Panel 1, P. Anel 2, indica panel and Japonica Rice panel detected respectively 29,24,16,17 and 29 QTLs except Wx genes, 12 QTLs were detected in two populations, 3 QTL was detected in 3 populations, 2 QTL was detected in 4 populations. Eleventh chromosomes, proteins QTL (chr.11:22240707-22563596) and fifth chromosomes, were simultaneously PV. The QTL (chr.5:7756614-8042699) of the maximum viscosity time (PeT) was detected in more than two populations. Some QTL loci were similar to the starch synthetase genes, such as the disintegration value of the ISA3, SSIV-1 and AGPL2. seventh chromosomes (BD) QTL (chr.7:1118122 ~ 1967247) detected in the whole population and in the japonica rice panel, and the other of the seventh chromosome was BD. The QTL chr.7:25312126 ~ 26540950 of SB and QTL 26540950) detected in vhole panel and indica rice panel showed that these genes might be related to the population structure. (5) the whole genome association analysis of rice polyphenols and antioxidant properties was carried out by using the associated location population. The association group containing 120 rice materials (whole panel) was based on the related population (whole panel). The color of the seed coat is divided into two panel of red rice and white rice, and then the whole genome correlation analysis is carried out on the related characters of polyphenols. 9 and 8 phenolic acids are detected in red rice panel and white rice panel respectively. The free phenolic acid content of red rice is about 7 times that of its conjugated phenolic acid, and the free phenolic acid in white rice is equal to the content of its conjugated phenolic acid. 30 QTLs in whole panel and 22 QTLs in white rice panel are detected. QTL. Re is not detected as an important QTL in the control of free phenolic acid and related traits in red rice panel. In addition, QTL (chr:24392269; chr.9:6670223) of 2 free phenol related characters were detected in whole panel, and two related QTLs (chr.4:34120529; chr.11:28947480) associated with free phenol were detected in white rice panel and a ferulic acid QTL (chr.11:23220681) was detected in two populations.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511
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本文编号：1849424