基因治疗的责任伦理研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 17:14

【摘要】：随着医学科学技术的飞速发展,出现了基因治疗这一新兴治疗技术,基因治疗是基因科技发展的结果,是医疗领域的一大突破。基因治疗旨在通过载体将外源性健康基因导入靶细胞,从而修复有缺陷并致病的基因最终实现治愈疾病的效果。此项技术可用于治疗多种顽固疾病,其中癌症是主要的应用领域。随着基因治疗研究的逐步深入,基因治疗已经进入临床试验阶段,通过证明和挖掘其功用及不良反应为正式投入治疗做准备。基因治疗的广阔前景对于医学进步和科学发展有着不可替代的重要意义。基因治疗技术的研究发展迅猛,于多个领域都取得了一定的进步和成果。但是,也难以避免地引发了一些伦理问题,具体包括:基因治疗引发的安全性问题;基因治疗滥用引发的责任问题;基因治疗过度发展引发的伦理问题等,如果不对这些伦理问题及时进行解决,则很可能阻碍此项技术的发展和应用,甚至产生不可挽回的不良后果。因此,如何解决上述问题,以推动临床试验的顺利进行,从而造福人类,已成为中国医疗行业面临的新挑战,亦是国际医学界面临的一大难题。责任伦理作为当今科技时代的伦理观,以其务实态度和专业精神,为解决基因治疗技术发展中出现的伦理问题提供了新维度和伦理指导。本文结合基因治疗的技术发展及临床研究情况,对其实现载体及治疗系统、主要成果、存在的伦理问题等方面加以分析。并从责任伦理视角分析了基因治疗伦理问题所产生的原因,即与临床试验相关的责任主体,包括政府、伦理审查委员会、研究者、临床试验机构和其他主体未能够很好地履行自己的职责。最后,针对基因治疗技术产生的伦理问题及原因,提出了医学伦理学的基本原则和责任伦理原则的责任底线原则,并从四个层面中提出四大措施,从法律层面、监管层面、道德层面和社会层面强化责任主体的责任意识、落实责任担当,以保证基因治疗的顺利开展,最终造福人类。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of medical science and technology, gene therapy has emerged as a new treatment technology. Gene therapy is the result of the development of gene science and technology, and it is a breakthrough in medical field. The purpose of gene therapy is to transfer exogenous healthy genes into target cells to repair defective and pathogenic genes. This technology can be used to treat many stubborn diseases, of which cancer is a major application. With the development of gene therapy research, gene therapy has entered the stage of clinical trial. The broad prospect of gene therapy plays an irreplaceable role in medical progress and scientific development. Gene therapy technology is developing rapidly and has made some progress and achievements in many fields. However, it is difficult to avoid some ethical problems, including the safety problems caused by gene therapy, the responsibility problems caused by gene therapy abuse, the ethical problems caused by the over-development of gene therapy, etc. If these ethical problems are not solved in time, they may hinder the development and application of this technology and even have irreparable adverse consequences. Therefore, how to solve the above problems in order to promote the smooth progress of clinical trials, thus benefiting mankind, has become a new challenge facing the Chinese medical industry, and also a major problem facing the international medical community. As an ethical concept in the era of science and technology, liability ethics, with its pragmatic attitude and professional spirit, provides a new dimension and ethical guidance for solving the ethical problems in the development of gene therapy technology. Based on the development of gene therapy technology and clinical research, this paper analyzes its carrier, treatment system, main achievements and ethical problems. From the perspective of liability ethics, this paper analyzes the causes of ethical problems in gene therapy, that is, the responsible subjects related to clinical trials, including the government, the ethics review committee, and the researchers. Clinical trial institutions and other subjects have not been able to perform their duties well. Finally, aiming at the ethical problems and causes of gene therapy technology, this paper puts forward the basic principles of medical ethics and the principle of responsibility bottom line, and puts forward four measures from four levels, from the legal level and the regulatory level. The moral level and the social level strengthen the responsibility consciousness of the responsible subject and carry out the responsibility so as to ensure the smooth development of gene therapy and ultimately benefit mankind.
【学位授予单位】：锦州医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R-052

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