基于景观基因视角的陕南传统民居对自然地理环境的适应性

发布时间：2018-10-18 13:59

【摘要】：选取陕南传统民居为研究对象,借鉴景观基因理论,探讨传统民居对自然地理环境的适应。在结合相关地方史志文献与实地调查资料的基础上,采取结构提取法,从屋顶造型、山墙造型、屋脸形式、平面结构、局部装饰、建筑用材等六方面提取了陕南传统民居的景观基因。对自然地理环境的适应主要体现在地形地貌、气候环境以及植被状况等方面。民居的分布与地形条件关系密切,平地区多呈团块状分布,山地、丘陵地带多呈散点式分布;其平面布局亦与地形有很大关系,平地区多合院,山地、丘陵地带多“一”字形、“L”形以及“U”形,庭院开敞;屋顶、院落形态皆对气候环境有一定的反映,陕南为湿润、半湿润气候区,屋顶以悬山顶为主,且出檐深远;开敞式庭院有利于通风,天井可形成烟囱效应,将院内的湿热气迅速排出;土木瓦房、石板房、竹木房等很好地体现了就地取材这一基本通则。陕南传统民居的屋顶、山墙、平面形态、立面形态在传承中原民居的景观基因的基础上,为适应自然环境产生了景观变异。
[Abstract]:Based on landscape gene theory, this paper studies the adaptation of traditional dwellings to the natural geographical environment. On the basis of combining the relevant local historical documents and field investigation data, the method of structure extraction is adopted, from roof modeling, gable wall modeling, roof form, plane structure, partial decoration, The landscape genes of traditional dwellings in southern Shaanxi were extracted from six aspects, such as building materials. The adaptation to natural geographical environment is mainly reflected in topography, climate and vegetation. The distribution of dwelling houses is closely related to the topographic conditions, and the flat distribution of residential buildings is closely related to the topography, and the flat distribution of residential buildings is mostly in the form of mass blocks, mountainous areas and hilly areas, and its plane layout is also closely related to the topography, and there are many "one" zigzags in the flat areas, mountains, and hilly areas. "L" shape and "U" shape, open courtyard, roof, courtyard form all have certain reflection to the climate environment, the south of Shaanxi is humid, semi-humid climate area, the roof is hanging the top of the mountain, and the eaves are far-reaching, open courtyard is good for ventilation, The chimney effect can be formed in the courtyard and the damp and hot gas in the courtyard can be discharged rapidly. The basic principle of using local materials is well reflected in the civil tile house, stone house, bamboo house and so on. The roof, gable wall, plane form and facade form of traditional dwellings in southern Shaanxi produce landscape variation in order to adapt to the natural environment on the basis of inheriting the landscape genes of central Plains houses.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院;衡阳师范学院古村古镇文化遗产数字化传承湖南省协同创新中心;
【分类号】：K901

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