转基因技术对生物进化论的挑战

发布时间：2019-07-06 06:05

【摘要】：进化论的产生是人类社会发展的成果,是人类对自然界生物进化规律和进化机制的认识和总结。人类以及其他生物的进化历程不断地体现和验证了进化论所阐述的自然界中的进化规律和进化机制。然而,现代基因技术的出现,特别是转基因技术的产生和发展,对进化论及其所阐述的进化规律和进化机制等多方面都产生了不同程度的影响,本文将从多角度叙述转基因技术对进化论的多方面的影响和挑战。转基因技术的产生和发展对物种的进化和进化论中的进化规律以及进化机制都产生了一定程度的影响,转基因技术模糊了以往的物种概念和物种的形成方式,物种不再是自然界传统物种的概念,它不再是生物存在自然界的独立生态位,不再有物种与物种之间的界限,它可以跨越物种之间的界限并形成跨物种的新类型物种,物种不再是可以自然而然地遗传和变异,而是人类“物种工厂”中可以随意拆卸、组装和重组的“零件”,任由人类欲望的延伸。在转基因技术的影响下,推动物种进化的力量不完全是自然条件的筛选,已经掺入了人类利益和欲望。转基因技术使得物种进化的时间不再局限于自然条件的不足和限制,转基因技术可以根据人类的欲望和利益的方向,在任意时间内随意创造新的物种,转基因技术在很大程度上操控了新物种进化的时间,或快或慢地使其进化。与此同时转基因技术对传统生物的生境及其与生境的相适度也产生了相当可观的影响,由于转基因物种不是在一定的生存环境的“磨合”下进化得来的,这就使得它与其生存环境之间的相适度远远低于传统生物,并且还会对其生存环境造成不同程度的影响。这种融入了人类智力的新物种的出现和释放,不仅对环境和其他生物的生存造成相应的改变,还一定程度上影响了在进化论下形成的社会思想观念,进而影响到人类社会的思想和伦理层面,对人类社会的稳定和健康的发展造成了一些层面的改变。在人类欲望和利益的驱使下,使得转基因技术大步向前发展。这并不是人类为可以操控生物物种及其进化而感到幸喜的时候,应该放下人类过多、过大的欲望和利益,运用人类的价值理性来约束和合理管理人类的科技理性,以便使人类在进化论所阐述的进化规律和进化机制的指引下,更好、更理性地发展转基因技术,使转基因技术能够更好地服务于全球生物界以及生态系统,更好地服务于人类的持久生存和健康发展。人类应从自身和生物界本身利益出发,多多发挥价值理性的指引作用,更好地发展科学技术,让科学技术的发展能够不断地造福于人类和整个自然界。
[Abstract]:The emergence of evolution theory is the result of the development of human society, and it is also the understanding and summary of the evolution law and mechanism of natural organisms. The evolution process of human beings and other organisms constantly reflects and verifies the evolution law and mechanism in nature expounded by evolution theory. However, the emergence of modern gene technology, especially the emergence and development of transgenic technology, has had varying degrees of influence on evolution theory and its expounded evolution law and evolution mechanism. in this paper, the influence and challenge of transgenic technology on evolution theory will be described from many angles. The emergence and development of transgenic technology has a certain degree of influence on the evolution of species, the evolution law and evolution mechanism in evolution theory. Transgenic technology blurs the previous concept of species and the way in which species are formed. Species is no longer the concept of traditional species in nature, it is no longer the independent niche of life in nature, and there is no longer the boundary between species and species. It can cross the boundaries between species and form a new type of species across species. Species can no longer be inherited and mutated naturally, but "parts" that can be disassembled, assembled and reorganized at will in the human "species factory", allowing the extension of human desire. Under the influence of transgenic technology, the power to promote species evolution is not entirely the screening of natural conditions, and has been mixed with human interests and desires. Transgenic technology makes the time of species evolution no longer limited to the shortcomings and limitations of natural conditions. According to the direction of human desire and interests, transgenic technology can create new species at will at any time. To a large extent, transgenic technology controls the time of evolution of new species, or makes it evolve quickly or slowly. At the same time, transgenic technology also has a considerable impact on the habitat of traditional organisms and its compatibility with habitat. Because transgenic species do not evolve under a certain living environment, which makes the phase between transgenic species and their living environment much lower than that of traditional organisms, and will also have varying degrees of impact on their living environment. The emergence and release of this new species, which integrates human intelligence, not only causes corresponding changes to the survival of the environment and other organisms, but also affects the social ideas formed under the theory of evolution to a certain extent, and then affects the ideological and ethical aspects of human society, and causes some changes in the stability and healthy development of human society. Driven by human desire and interests, transgenic technology has made great strides forward. This is not a time when human beings are happy to be able to control biological species and their evolution. They should put aside too many human beings, too much desire and interests, and use human value rationality to restrain and reasonably manage human scientific and technological rationality, so that human beings can better and more rationally develop genetically modified technology under the guidance of the evolutionary laws and mechanisms described in the theory of evolution. So that transgenic technology can better serve the global biological community and ecosystems, and better serve the sustainable survival and healthy development of human beings. Human beings should start from their own interests and the biological community itself, give full play to the guiding role of value rationality, better develop science and technology, so that the development of science and technology can continue to benefit mankind and the whole nature.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q111;Q78

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