白洋淀水资源量变化及其原因分析

发布时间：2018-02-02 06:54

本文关键词： 白洋淀水资源蓄水量入淀水量降水径流　出处：《河北农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：白洋淀是华北平原最大的淡水浅湖型湿地,它不仅是我国重要的淡水产品生产基地,还是大清河河系中重要的蓄水枢纽,承担着缓洪、治涝和蓄水灌溉的重要任务,并且对维持华北平原生态平衡具有重要意义。白洋淀的生机源于水,水量是其发挥作用的关键,然而,近些年来,在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,白洋淀水资源量已经发生很大变化。因此本文对白洋淀水资源量及其引起其变化的原因进行了分析,主要研究内容有以下几个方面：(1)主要从白洋淀蓄水量和入淀水量两个方面对白洋淀水资源量进行了分析,分析结果表明白洋淀流域水资源量呈明显的减少趋势,表现为：20世纪80年代以后,白洋淀蓄水量较之前明显减少,且年内分配较之前均匀；入淀水量明显减少,呈丰-平-枯变化规律,80年代以后为枯水期。(2)运用统计方法对白洋淀流域水循环要素进行了分析,分析结果表明流域内降雨特性和产汇流特性已经发生改变,水资源条件恶化,水资源量受人类活动影响程度正在增强。年降雨过程分析结果：年降雨量呈下降趋势主要是由年降雨日数显著下降引起；各量级降雨的降雨频率稳定,降雨量百分比呈现出小强度降雨雨量增加,较大强度降雨雨量减少的结构；暴雨持续最长时间一般在5-7天左右,暴雨雨量和暴雨强度有较明显的下降趋势,降水潜力下降；汛期和非汛期雨量分别呈减少和增加趋势,其减少和增加幅度分别为12%/10a和22.6%/10a,这样的雨量分配规律导致流域降雨年内分配不均匀性减小；年降雨量变化主要存在16a显著变化周期。年径流过程分析结果：年径流量显著减少；年径流系数在80年代发生突变,较之前减小了27%;年径流受降雨的影响在减弱,而受其他因素(蒸散发、人类活动等)的影响明显增强,其受降雨和其他因素的平均影响比例分别为50.38%和49.62%。次洪过程分析结果：次洪径流受降雨的影响在减弱,次径流系数减少；次洪滞时增长(在80年代达到最大值),这主要是由于在人类活动影响下流域下垫面因素发生了变化,导致汇流速度减小,洪水过程变平缓造成的。(3)通过分析水利工程拦蓄和农业、工业及城乡生活用水情况,认为白洋淀流域水资源量在流域内用水量不断增加的影响下,南水北调中线工程将使白洋淀水资源紧缺状况从根本上得到解决。本文对白洋淀各水资源及其影响因素进行了系统的、全面的深入分析,认为在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,导致白洋淀水资源量减少,为白洋淀水资源管理与合理的配置提供依据。
[Abstract]:Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater shallow lake wetland in North China Plain. It is not only an important production base of freshwater products in China, but also an important water storage hub in Daqing River system. The important task of waterlogging control and water storage irrigation is of great significance to maintain ecological balance in North China Plain. The vitality of Baiyangdian comes from water, and water is the key to its function. However, in recent years. Under the dual influence of climate change and human activities, the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian Lake has changed a lot. The main research contents are as follows: 1) the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian Lake is analyzed from two aspects: Baiyangdian water storage and precipitation. The results show that the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian basin is obviously decreasing, which shows that after 80s of 20 ~ (th) century, the water storage in Baiyangdian Lake is obviously reduced than before, and the distribution of water resources in Baiyangdian basin is more uniform than before. The amount of water in Baiyangdian River Basin is reduced obviously, and the water cycle elements in Baiyangdian River Basin are analyzed by statistical method. The results show that the characteristics of rainfall and runoff in the basin have changed, and the water resources condition has deteriorated. The results of the analysis of annual rainfall process showed that the decreasing trend of annual rainfall was mainly caused by the significant decrease in the number of annual rainfall days. The rainfall frequency of each order of rainfall is stable, the rainfall percentage shows the structure that the rainfall of small intensity increases and the rainfall of larger intensity decreases. The longest duration of the rainstorm is about 5-7 days, the rainstorm rainfall and the rainstorm intensity have obvious decreasing trend, and the precipitation potential is decreased. The rainfall in flood season and non-flood season is decreasing and increasing respectively, and the decrease and increase range are 12 / 10a and 22.6a / 10a, respectively. Such rainfall distribution law results in the decrease of the inhomogeneity of rainfall distribution in the watershed. The annual rainfall change has a significant change period of 16 years. The results of annual runoff process analysis are as follows: the annual runoff decreases significantly; The annual runoff coefficient changed in 80s and decreased by 27%. Annual runoff is weakened by rainfall, but significantly increased by other factors (evapotranspiration, human activities, etc.). The average influence ratio of rainfall and other factors is 50.38% and 49.62.The results of the analysis of flood process are as follows: the secondary runoff is weakened by rainfall and the secondary runoff coefficient is decreased; The increase of secondary flood lag time (reached the maximum value in 80s, which is mainly due to the change of underlying surface factors under the influence of human activities, resulting in a decrease in the velocity of flow convergence. Based on the analysis of water consumption in water conservancy projects such as storage, agriculture, industry and urban and rural areas, it is concluded that the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian Basin is affected by the increasing water consumption in the basin. The water shortage of Baiyangdian Lake will be solved fundamentally in the middle route of South-to-North Water transfer Project. In this paper, the water resources of Baiyangdian and its influencing factors are systematically and thoroughly analyzed, and it is concluded that under the dual influence of climate change and human activities, the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian is reduced. It provides the basis for water resources management and reasonable allocation in Baiyangdian Lake.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4

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