长江三角洲水害特点与成因分析

发布时间：2018-05-29 09:25

本文选题：长江三角洲 + 水害特点　；参考：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2016年02期

【摘要】：结合长江三角洲区域特点,对长江三角洲洪涝、河网水污染、太湖蓝藻水华以及长江口咸潮入侵四类水害特点进行分析,识别区域水害的主要因素和水害成因。结果表明:当前长江三角州洪涝灾害以涝灾为主,具有频发性,影响范围广,损失巨大等特点。河网水污染已为常态,贯穿全年,具有雨污同期性,汛期水污染问题加剧。太湖蓝藻水华表现出明显的时空变异性,长江口咸潮入侵也形成了北支咸潮倒灌进入南支,南支外海咸潮上溯的入侵路径,形成"两边高,中间低"的空间分布特征。水文条件是水害形成的自然因素,人类活动则是导致水害问题不断严重的根本原因。区域下垫面变化加剧了洪涝灾害,而不合理的闸坝调度方式导致汛期河网水污染加剧。区域内污染物过量排放,加重了太湖富营养化程度,使蓝藻水华问题恶化。水利工程的调度运行影响着入海径流,对咸潮入侵产生影响。此外,社会财富的增值亦使水害损失持续上升。
[Abstract]:Based on the regional characteristics of Yangtze River Delta, this paper analyzes the characteristics of four kinds of water hazards, such as flood, river network water pollution, blue algae Shui Hua in Taihu Lake and salt tide invasion in Yangtze River Estuary, and identifies the main factors and causes of regional water disaster. The results show that the main flood disaster in the Yangtze River Delta is waterlogging, which has the characteristics of frequent occurrence, wide range of influence and huge losses. River network water pollution has become the normal, throughout the year, with rain pollution at the same time, the problem of water pollution in flood season is aggravated. The blue algae Shui Hua of Taihu Lake showed obvious temporal and spatial variability. The intrusion of salt tide in the Changjiang Estuary also formed the invasion path of the north branch salt tide to the south branch and the south branch sea salt tide upstream, forming the spatial distribution characteristics of "high on both sides and low in the middle". The hydrological condition is the natural factor of the formation of the water hazard, and the human activity is the root cause of the serious water hazard problem. The change of the underlying surface intensifies the flood disaster, and the unreasonable dispatching mode of the gate and dam results in the water pollution of the river network in flood season. The excessive discharge of pollutants in the area aggravated the eutrophication of Taihu Lake and worsened the Shui Hua problem of cyanobacteria. The operation of water conservancy project affects the runoff into the sea and the intrusion of salt tide. In addition, the increase in social wealth has also led to a continuous rise in water damage losses.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所;南昌市水文局;
【基金】：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201073) 留学人员科技活动项目“洪涝损失的全口径评价技术”
【分类号】：TV213.4

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