纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料研究与应用

发布时间：2018-11-20 17:36

【摘要】：随着水电工程、矿井、隧道等地下空间建设发展,工程地质问题越来越多,地下涌水突水地质灾害发生频繁,深层地下工程施工面临高压大流量动水威胁越来越大。目前,国内外使用较多的堵水材料有水泥、水玻璃、聚氨酯类等等,这些材料在使用中有一定的作用,但在地下深处,特别是位于地下水位以下地区,水流丰富且水压较大,这些常规的注浆材料一方面抵抗动水冲刷能力不够出色,需要不停注浆,增大注浆量才能封堵动水,导致需要消耗的人力物力财力大大增加;另一方面,在地下动水治理工程中堵水能力较好的材料需要特殊的施工工艺,对于大部分施工现场很难满足设备条件,导致很难使用效果较好的材料开展堵水作业。高压水流有着很强的渗透能力,水流在岩层裂隙中流速快,冲散灌入的注浆材料或者注浆材料凝结后强度不够而不能够形成有效的阻塞网络;在较低温度的地下动水冲刷作用下,注浆材料凝固的更慢,结石体后期强度可能会减弱;深层地下水质较为复杂,固化后的化学浆材经过长时间浸泡在水中,一旦具有毒理特性,大面积的与人畜用水连通的水域将会被污染。因此针对这类工程问题使用注浆材料方面的不足,研制出一种能够很好的应用于动水治理工程,具有良好抗动水冲刷性能,初终凝时间可调节,具有较高浆体强度的动水注浆材料迫在眉睫。本论文就是围绕动水注浆材料来开展以下方面的研究工作:(1)首先对水泥基材料进行对比分析,普通硅酸盐水泥凝结时间太长而且早期强度不高,而硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间快但后期强度不能满足要求且价格较高,然后通过将两种水泥复合使用,相比两种单一水泥,一定配比下的复合水泥浆液的凝结时间大大缩短,甚至短于硫铝酸盐水泥浆液。结合普通硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥的特点,使用普通硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥熟料体系,将其两者的优缺点互补,充分发挥各自的特点,通过对复合水泥基体系配比进行分析,筛选出实验性能较优的复合水泥基配比,再通过在较优复合水泥基配比中加入减水剂,早强剂,抗分散剂和纳米材料对复合水泥基进行改性,筛选出合适的外加剂,减水剂选用实验室自制高效减水剂,早强剂为VT,抗分散剂使用QM纤维素,再通过添加纳米二氧化硅改进水泥浆体性能,使纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料能够在一定的水流速下具有较好的抗冲刷能力。(2)通过使用正交分析试验方法,根据不同凝结时间的原则筛选出了四种纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料优化方案配比,这四种优化方案配比在稳定性,流动性,抗压强度和抗分散能力方面都有较好的表现。(3)为了探究纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料的增强机理和抗分散机理,使用X-射线衍射和扫描电镜的微观分析方法,对筛选出的纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料优化方案配比进行微观分析,纳米材料和早强剂组份的加入对复合水泥浆液强度有较高的提升,而抗分散剂的加入,改善了水泥浆液在动水中容易被稀释冲散的特点,使纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料具有很好的抗分散性能。(4)将优选出的纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料方案应用在山西中部引黄工程取水工程动水治理工程中,结合动水治理工程的突涌水情况和现场施工情况,通过选择用0.6水灰比的优化方案配比进行先行注浆,再使用0.5水灰比的优化方案配比补充注浆,地下突涌水明显减小,说明纳米复合水泥基动水注浆材料对动水治理有一定的效果,对今后注浆材料实验改进提供了指导方向以及对动水治理工程施工起到一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the development of underground space, such as hydropower, mine and tunnel, the problems of engineering geology are getting more and more. At present, more water-blocking materials are used at home and abroad, such as cement, water glass, polyurethane, etc., which have a certain effect in the use, but in the underground depth, especially in the area below the water table, the water flow is rich and the water pressure is large, on the one hand, the conventional grouting material is not excellent in resisting the scouring ability of the moving water, needs to be continuously injected, the grouting amount is increased, the moving water can be blocked, and the manpower and material resources required to be consumed are greatly increased; on the other hand, In the underground dynamic water treatment project, the material with better water plugging capacity needs special construction technology, which is difficult to meet the equipment condition for most of the construction site, resulting in the difficult to use the material with better effect to perform the water blocking operation. the high-pressure water flow has strong permeability, the flow velocity of the water flow in the fracture of the rock formation is high, the injected grouting material or the grouting material is insufficient in strength after the grouting material is condensed, and the effective blocking network can not be formed; under the action of the underground dynamic water scouring at the lower temperature, the grouting material is solidified more slowly, The later strength of the stone body may be weakened; the deep underground water quality is more complex, the solidified chemical pulp material is soaked in water for a long time, and once the toxic property is provided, the water area with large area and the water of the human animal will be polluted. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop a dynamic water grouting material which can be applied to the dynamic water treatment project, has good anti-dynamic water scouring performance and adjustable initial setting time, and has higher slurry body strength. The paper is to study the following aspects: (1) The cement-based materials are compared and analyzed, and the setting time of the ordinary Portland cement is too long and the early strength is not high. The setting time of the sulphoaluminate cement is fast but the later strength can not meet the requirements and the price is high, and then the two kinds of cement are used in combination, the setting time of the composite cement slurry is greatly shortened compared with the two single cement, and is even shorter than the sulphoaluminate cement slurry. in combination with the characteristics of the common silicate cement and the sulphoaluminate cement, the common silicate-sulphoaluminate cement clinker system is used, the advantages and disadvantages of the two are complementary, the characteristics of the two are fully exerted, and the ratio of the composite cement-based system is analyzed, the composite cement-based ratio of the experimental performance is selected, the composite cement base is modified by adding a water reducing agent, an early strength agent, an anti-dispersant and a nano material in a better composite cement-based ratio, a suitable admixture is selected, the water reducing agent is selected from a laboratory self-made high-efficiency water reducing agent, the early strength agent is VT, the anti-dispersant uses the QM cellulose, and the performance of the cement slurry body is improved by adding the nano silicon dioxide, so that the nano composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material can have better anti-scouring capacity at a certain water flow rate. (2) by using the orthogonal analysis test method, four kinds of nano composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material optimization scheme ratio is screened according to the principle of different coagulation time, The compressive strength and the anti-dispersing ability have good performance. (3) In order to study the strengthening mechanism and the anti-dispersion mechanism of the nano-composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material, the micro-analysis method of the optimized scheme of the selected nano-composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material is carried out by using the micro-analysis method of the X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope, The addition of the nano-material and the early-strength agent group to the strength of the composite cement slurry is high, and the addition of the anti-dispersing agent improves the characteristic that the cement slurry is easy to be diluted and dispersed in the moving water, so that the nano-composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material has good anti-dispersion property. (4) the preferred nano composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material scheme is applied to the water-taking engineering dynamic water treatment project of the water-taking engineering of the middle part of Shanxi, By selecting the optimum proportion of the water-cement ratio of 0.6 water to carry out the pre-grouting, the water-cement ratio of 0.5 water-cement ratio is used to supplement the grouting, the water in the underground process is obviously reduced, and the effect of the nano-composite cement-based dynamic water grouting material on the water treatment of the moving water is explained, The guiding direction of the future grouting material experiment and the reference for the construction of the moving water treatment project are provided.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV43

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