高温等离子体的状态方程及其热力学性质

发布时间：2018-07-23 10:14

【摘要】：高温下等离子体的状态方程及其热力学性质在天体物理、可控核聚变以及武器设计与破坏效应等领域有着广泛应用.本文主要回顾了高温等离子体在不同状态区域的状态方程的理论模型和处理方法.对于理想等离子体,离子之间的相互作用可以忽略,其状态方程较简单,已趋于完善.在超高温下,原子完全电离,离子和电子都可以采用理想气体状态方程描述;当温度不太高时,离子部分电离,可以采用Saha方程及其修正模型描述;原子在高度压缩状态下,其状态方程可以采用Thomas-Fermi模型及其改进模型得到.对于非理想等离子体,离子之间存在强耦合,还没有单一的理论模型能够在任意密度和温度范围内对离子之间的相互作用进行统一描述.量子分子动力学方法原则上可以在较大温度密度范围内给出可靠结果,但由于计算量太大以及高温下的计算存在收敛问题,也较难应用到温度较高的稠密等离子体区域.半经验的经典分子动力学方法虽然简单、计算量小,但只能在一定的区域范围内给出较精确的状态方程结果.在不同温度密度区域内采用不同的计算模型,再在空白区域进行插值从而得到全局状态方程在目前不失为一种简单有效的方法.
[Abstract]:The equation of state of plasma at high temperature and its thermodynamic properties are widely used in the fields of astrophysics, controllable nuclear fusion, weapon design and damage effect. In this paper, the theoretical models and treatment methods of the state equations of high temperature plasma in different state regions are reviewed. For ideal plasma, the interaction between ions can be neglected, and the equation of state is simple and perfect. At ultra-high temperature, the atom is completely ionized, the ions and electrons can be described by the ideal gas equation of state; when the temperature is not too high, the ion partial ionization can be described by the Saha equation and its modified model; the atom can be described in the highly compressed state. The equation of state can be obtained by using Thomas-Fermi model and its improved model. For non-ideal plasma, there is a strong coupling between ions, and there is no single theoretical model to describe the interaction between ions in any range of density and temperature. In principle, the quantum molecular dynamics method can give reliable results in large temperature density range, but it is difficult to be applied to dense plasma region with high temperature due to the complexity of calculation and the convergence of calculation at high temperature. Although the semi-empirical classical molecular dynamics method is simple and computational, it can only give more accurate results of the equation of state in a certain range. It is a simple and effective method to obtain the global equation of state by using different calculation models in different temperature density regions and then interpolating in the blank area.
【作者单位】：国防科学技术大学理学院;
【分类号】：O53

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