两阶段运输问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 03:19

本文关键词： 运筹学线性规划两阶段运输问题库存时间限制预算　出处：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在日常生活和生产中,往往需要将一些物资材料(如：粮食,钢铁,木材,原油等)或成品(如：汽车,服装,蔬果,茶叶等)从一些地点运送到另一些地点。这就产生了运输问题。随着中国加入世界贸易组织(wTO),中国与外国的经济贸易更加活跃,物资运输量大大增加。国际上常采用物流成本作为社会物流效率的评价标准,即物流总成本占GDP的比例[1]。该占比越低说明物流效率越高。美国和欧洲的物流效率占比约为5%至10%,而中国却达到约18%[2]。只要降低一个百分点,就能节省数千亿元的物流成本。在这18%的占比中有一半多是由于交通运输费用造成的[3]。如何减少运输成本成为物流运输中最为关注的问题之一,也是运输问题理论一直致力于解决的原动力。因此,对运输问题的研究具有非常重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。其有效的理论和方法能为决策和管理人员提供满意的运输方案。本文研究的是一类两阶段运输问题。这里所提的两阶段运输问题是指,由于销地的库存限制或者当前只能接受一部分运量等原因,运输过程要分成两个阶段来完成,目的是使两个阶段的总运输费用达到最少。本文第一章引言,介绍运输问题的一些背景知识以及经典模型。第二章提出带库存的两阶段运输问题。对该问题进行理论分析,根据分析所得到的理论结果对问题给出相应的表上作业法。第三章提出带时间限制的两阶段运输问题,给出一个Block Method算法,及其对算例进行求解。第四章提出阶段1带预算限制的两阶段运输问题,先对该问题进行理论分析,再提出求解方法。第五章综述了论文的结果以及提出一些今后研究工作的展望。
[Abstract]:In daily life and production, materials such as food, steel, wood, crude oil, etc., or finished products (such as cars, clothing, fruits and vegetables) are often needed. Tea leaves are transported from one place to another. This creates transport problems. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization, China's economic and trade activities with foreign countries become more active. The logistics cost is often used as the evaluation standard of the social logistics efficiency in the world. That is, the ratio of total logistics cost to GDP [1]. The lower the ratio, the higher the logistics efficiency. The proportion of logistics efficiency in the United States and Europe is about 5% to 10 percent, while in China it is about 18%. More than half of the total of 18% is due to transportation costs. [3] how to reduce transportation costs has become one of the most concerned issues in logistics transportation. It is also the motive force of the theory of transportation problem. The research on transportation problem has very important theoretical significance and practical application value. Its effective theory and method can provide satisfactory transportation scheme for decision making and management personnel. This paper studies a kind of two-stage transportation problem. ... the two-stage transport issue referred to here refers to, Because of the stock limitation of the place of sale or the reason that only a part of the transportation quantity can be accepted at present, the transportation process should be divided into two stages, the purpose of which is to make the total transportation cost of the two stages to be minimized. This paper introduces some background knowledge and classical model of transportation problem. In chapter 2, a two-stage transport problem with inventory is proposed. According to the theoretical results obtained from the analysis, the corresponding table operation method is given. In the third chapter, a two-stage transportation problem with time constraints is proposed, and a Block Method algorithm is given. In Chapter 4th, the two-stage transportation problem with budget constraints in stage 1 is proposed, and the theoretical analysis of the problem is carried out first. Chapter 5th summarizes the results of the paper and puts forward some prospects for future research work.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O221.1

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