火电企业环境效率及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 15:49

本文选题：火电企业　切入点：环境效率　出处：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电力工业既是促进我国经济发展的基础产业,也是非常重要的能源行业,对国民经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高具有十分重要的意义,但同时也是我国最主要的煤炭消耗行业和温室气体、气态污染物的主要排放源,对环境造成了严重的负面影响。电力生产与环境保护之间的矛盾不断加剧,环保节能、减排降耗的形势也趋于紧迫。在此背景下,研究和完善火电企业环境效率及其影响因素的相关问题,不仅有助于全面、客观地了解火电企业环境效率现状,而且可以对火电企业实现节能减排起到至关重要的作用,从而为制定火电企业环境政策以及实现可持续性发展提供主要依据。本文将火电企业环境效率的研究置于环境保护与火电企业发展的双重视角下,基于火电企业生产过程中排放的二氧化硫、二氧化碳等污染气体,采用熵权法构造了环境指数,在此基础上,运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM组合模型和Malmquist指数对河北、内蒙、辽宁等省份调研得到的有代表性的15家火电企业2011-2015年间的环境效率进行了静态分析和动态评价,并进一步构建Tobit回归模型对影响火电企业环境效的因素进行实证分析。结果表明:在静态环境效率分析中,采用超效率SBM与熵权法相结合的方法来处理考虑非期望产出的环境效率问题,可以有效解决各决策单元(DMU)的完全排序。对15家火电企业进行静态环境效率分析显示,在2011-2015年间总体环境效率水平不高,但环境效率有效的火电企业个数呈现增长趋势,火电企业的环境效率具有很大的改进空间。在动态环境效率分析中,15家火电企业的动态环境效率在2011-2015年间大多数都得到了不同程度的改善,相对环境效率的提高和环境技术的改进均有助于改善火电企业整体的环境效率水平。在本文所研究的对环境效率产生影响的因素中,燃煤效率、环境治理强度、发电机组产能利用率和火电企业运营时间与环境效率呈现显著正相关的关系;发电机组容量利用率和发电机组役龄与环境效率呈现显著负相关的关系。在上述分析结果的基础上,本文着重对提高我国火电企业环境效率提出了相应的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The electric power industry is not only the basic industry to promote the economic development of our country, but also the very important energy industry, which is of great significance to the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standard. But at the same time, it is also the most important industry of coal consumption and greenhouse gas, the main emission source of gaseous pollutants, has caused serious negative impact on the environment, the contradiction between electric power production and environmental protection is becoming more and more serious, environmental protection and energy saving, The situation of reducing emissions and reducing consumption is also becoming urgent. Under this background, studying and perfecting the environmental efficiency of thermal power enterprises and its influencing factors are not only helpful to comprehensively and objectively understand the present situation of environmental efficiency of thermal power enterprises, And it can play a vital role in energy saving and emission reduction for thermal power enterprises. In this paper, the environmental efficiency of thermal power enterprises is put under the dual perspective of environmental protection and the development of thermal power enterprises. Based on the emission of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and other polluting gases in the production process of thermal power enterprises, the environmental index was constructed by entropy weight method. On this basis, the super-efficiency SBM combination model and Malmquist index were applied to Hebei and Inner Mongolia, which considered the non-expected output. The environmental efficiency of 15 representative thermal power enterprises from Liaoning and other provinces was analyzed statically and evaluated dynamically in 2011-2015. Furthermore, the Tobit regression model is constructed to analyze the factors that affect the environmental efficiency of thermal power enterprises. The results show that: in the static environmental efficiency analysis, Using the method of combining super-efficiency SBM with entropy weight method to deal with the environmental efficiency problem considering non-expected output can effectively solve the complete ranking of each decision making unit. The static environmental efficiency analysis of 15 thermal power enterprises shows that, In 2011-2015, the overall level of environmental efficiency is not high, but the number of thermal power enterprises with effective environmental efficiency shows an increasing trend. The environmental efficiency of thermal power enterprises has great room for improvement. In the dynamic environmental efficiency analysis, the dynamic environmental efficiency of 15 thermal power enterprises has been improved to some extent in 2011-2015. The improvement of relative environmental efficiency and the improvement of environmental technology are helpful to improve the environmental efficiency level of thermal power enterprises as a whole. There is a significant positive correlation between the capacity utilization ratio of generating units and the operating time of thermal power enterprises and the environmental efficiency. On the basis of the above analysis results, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to improve the environmental efficiency of thermal power enterprises in China.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X322;F426.61;F224

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