完全信息博弈下双头垄断模型的应用与研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:36

本文选题：双头垄断 + 纳什均衡　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对经济的快速发展,为了对经济的快速发展有一个制衡和约束,早在20世纪70年代的时候西方发达经济国就已经对传统自然垄断行业实施了政府管制或者国家所有制。中国改革开放之后,行业间因为垄断情况的发生导致了不正当的经济竞争、市场排斥等负面影响,所以对垄断情况必须进行改革和整顿。针对以上的问题,本文运用博弈论的基本理论分析了目前市场上存在的诸多问题,应用垄断理论分析寡头垄断下厂商的市场行为,首先得出了不同情况下市场的竞争模型以及均衡结果。该均衡结果不仅对市场上各大厂商的经济发展有指导意义,而且有助于政府对于经济的宏观调控。结合各大厂商的经济行为和产业特点,其次建立的垄断模型,讨论了线上线下两大寡头的经济行为以及最终的产业均衡,对于市场的定价策略和产量决策起到了提供了理论依据。本文分为四部分:第一部分首先介绍了博弈论以及所涉及到的理论知识,为本文的模型构造以及均衡求解提供了理论基础,其次介绍了垄断种类的划分,然后介绍了博弈论的发展进程以及诺贝尔奖的获得情况,最后对于博弈论的基本概念进行了介绍和博弈类型的划分。第二部分改进了博弈论中最重要、最基本的两个模型:古诺模型和贝特兰德模型,并进行均衡求解。传统的古诺模型只讨论了成本为零的情形,本文首先对古诺模型进行改进,将人工、物流、租金等所有成本建立一个与产品质量成正比的函数,其次对古诺模型进行均衡求解。传统的贝特兰德模型是一个关于产量的线性模型,本文建立了价格与产量的非线性模型,然后进行了均衡求解。第三部分将线上和线下看作市场上的两大寡头,首先用改进的古诺模型和贝特兰德模型求出均衡结果,其次对改进的古诺模型进行动态求解,然后结合赢得矩阵,对改进的贝特兰德模型使用混合策略进行求解。第四部分使用matlab软件进行数据分析,将线上和线下两大寡头的收益做数据仿真实验。
[Abstract]:In the face of the rapid development of economy, in order to have a balance and restriction on the rapid development of economy, as early as the 1970s, the western developed economic countries had implemented government control or state ownership on the traditional natural monopoly industries. After China's reform and opening up, the monopoly situation between industries has led to unfair economic competition, market exclusion and other negative effects, so the monopoly situation must be reformed and rectified. In view of the above problems, this paper uses the basic theory of game theory to analyze the existing problems in the market, and applies the monopoly theory to analyze the market behavior of oligopoly firms. Firstly, the competitive model and equilibrium results of different market conditions are obtained. The equilibrium result not only has guiding significance for the economic development of the major manufacturers in the market, but also helps the government to control the economy macroscopically. Combined with the economic behavior and industrial characteristics of the major firms, the paper discusses the economic behavior and the final industrial equilibrium of the two oligarchs, the online and the offline oligarchs, and the monopoly model. It provides a theoretical basis for market pricing strategy and output decision. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the game theory and the related theoretical knowledge, which provides a theoretical basis for the model construction and equilibrium solution, and then introduces the classification of monopoly types. Then it introduces the development of game theory and the Nobel Prize, and finally introduces the basic concepts of game theory and the classification of game types. In the second part, the two most important and basic models in game theory, Cournot model and Bertrand model, are improved and solved in equilibrium. The traditional Cournot model only discusses the case where the cost is zero. In this paper, the Cournot model is first improved, and all costs such as labor, logistics and rent are established as a function proportional to the quality of the product, and then the Cournot model is solved in a balanced manner. The traditional Bertrand model is a linear model about output. In this paper, the nonlinear model of price and output is established, and the equilibrium solution is given. In the third part, the online and offline oligarchs are regarded as two oligarchs in the market. Firstly, the equilibrium results are obtained by using the improved Cournot model and Bertrand model, and then the improved Cournot model is solved dynamically, and then the winning matrix is combined. The improved Bertrand model is solved by hybrid strategy. In the fourth part, matlab software is used to analyze the data, and the income of the two oligarchs, online and offline, is simulated.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224.32

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