母体传播遗漏对Wolbachia在蚊群中扩散的影响
发布时间：2018-10-23 17:18
【摘要】：据WHO不完全统计,全球每年近70万人死于蚊媒传播疾病.以登革热为例,全球每年超过36亿人受登革热威胁,其中大约有1亿人感染该疾病.广州已成为登革热流行区域,特别是2014年登革热的大规模爆发给该地区人们带来了极大困扰,使得控蚊灭蚊在该地区俨然成为一项全民活动.传统控蚊方法是喷射杀虫剂来灭蚊.该方法不但严重污染环境,而且增强蚊子的耐药性,不能实现根除蚊子的成效.自从2005年奚志勇成功地在伊蚊中建立稳定的Wolbachia株,一种新型的、安全有效的生物方法是通过释放携带Wolbachiax细菌并能阻断蚊媒疾病传播的蚊子来压制或者替换野生蚊群.Wolbachia以较高的母体传播率将这种能够抵抗病毒复制的共生菌传递给后代,而母体传播率越高,越有利于Wolbachia在蚊群中的传播.然而,母体传播遗漏率在果蝇(Drosophila simulans)中几乎普遍存在,并且,最新的研究表明,在传播登革热的埃及伊蚊、传播疟疾的斯氏按蚊中母体传播遗漏率不仅同样存在,而且遗漏率相比果蝇中的遗漏率要大得多.基于此,本文建立数学模型分析母体传播遗漏率如何影响Wolbachia在蚊群中的动力学行为,模型分析结果对2013年越南释放工作的失败作出了一定的解释.本文共分为三章.第一章介绍了蚊媒传播疾病的背景,Wolbachia在蚊群中动力学行为的研究现状和本文的主要工作.第二章首先对系统的解不变性和有界性给出了证明,然后推导出了全文分析通用的两个恒等式,接着依据模型参数分为九种情形,对每种情形给出了系统的全局性分析.理论结果表明,相比于完全母体传播,不完全母体传播可致系统呈现单态,双稳态和多态;第三章利用数值模拟讨论母体传播遗漏对制定蚊子释放策略的影响.不完全母体传播给系统带来了复杂的动力学行为,随着母体传播遗漏的不断增加,系统依次表现出单态,多态或双稳态的动力学行为.对三个具有不同母体传播率的模型,用数值模拟方法来估计不同母体传播遗漏的阈值曲线,进而揭示了不同母体传播遗漏对Wolbachia传播的影响.
[Abstract]:According to WHO incomplete statistics, nearly 700000 people worldwide die of mosquito-borne diseases every year. Take dengue fever, which threatens more than 3.6 billion people a year, about 100 million of whom are infected. Guangzhou has become an endemic area for dengue fever, especially since the massive outbreak of dengue fever in 2014 has greatly troubled people in the region, making mosquito control and mosquito control a national activity in the region. The traditional method of mosquito control is to spray insecticides against mosquitoes. This method not only pollutes the environment seriously, but also increases mosquito resistance. Since Xi Zhiyong succeeded in establishing a stable Wolbachia strain in Aedes in2005, a new type, A safe and effective biological method is to suppress or replace wild mosquito populations by releasing mosquitoes that carry Wolbachiax bacteria and can block the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Wolbachia transmits the symbiotic bacteria resistant to viral replication to future generations at a higher maternal transmission rate. The higher the maternal transmission rate, the more favorable the transmission of Wolbachia in mosquito population. However, maternal transmission omission rates are almost universal in Drosophila (Drosophila simulans), and new research shows that maternal transmission omission rates are not just the same in Aedes aegypti, which spreads dengue fever, but also in the malaria transmission Anopheles stephensi. And the omission rate was much larger than in the fruit fly. Based on this, a mathematical model is established to analyze how the rate of maternal transmission omission affects the dynamic behavior of Wolbachia in mosquito populations. The results of the model analysis explain the failure of Vietnam's release work in 2013. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the background of mosquito-borne diseases, the research status of Wolbachia dynamics in mosquito populations and the main work of this paper. In chapter 2, we first prove the invariance and boundedness of the solution of the system, then we derive two identities of the full text analysis, then we divide them into nine cases according to the parameters of the model, and give the global analysis of the system in each case. The theoretical results show that the incomplete mother propagation can result in monomorphic, bistable and polymorphic systems compared with complete mother propagation. In chapter 3, the effects of maternal transmission omissions on the formulation of mosquito release strategies are discussed by numerical simulation. Incomplete parent propagation brings complex dynamic behavior to the system. With the increasing of omissions, the system exhibits monomorphic, polymorphic or bistable dynamic behavior in turn. For three models with different mother propagation rates, the threshold curves of different mother propagation omissions are estimated by numerical simulation method, and the effects of different mother propagation omissions on Wolbachia propagation are revealed.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O175
本文编号：2289944
[Abstract]:According to WHO incomplete statistics, nearly 700000 people worldwide die of mosquito-borne diseases every year. Take dengue fever, which threatens more than 3.6 billion people a year, about 100 million of whom are infected. Guangzhou has become an endemic area for dengue fever, especially since the massive outbreak of dengue fever in 2014 has greatly troubled people in the region, making mosquito control and mosquito control a national activity in the region. The traditional method of mosquito control is to spray insecticides against mosquitoes. This method not only pollutes the environment seriously, but also increases mosquito resistance. Since Xi Zhiyong succeeded in establishing a stable Wolbachia strain in Aedes in2005, a new type, A safe and effective biological method is to suppress or replace wild mosquito populations by releasing mosquitoes that carry Wolbachiax bacteria and can block the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Wolbachia transmits the symbiotic bacteria resistant to viral replication to future generations at a higher maternal transmission rate. The higher the maternal transmission rate, the more favorable the transmission of Wolbachia in mosquito population. However, maternal transmission omission rates are almost universal in Drosophila (Drosophila simulans), and new research shows that maternal transmission omission rates are not just the same in Aedes aegypti, which spreads dengue fever, but also in the malaria transmission Anopheles stephensi. And the omission rate was much larger than in the fruit fly. Based on this, a mathematical model is established to analyze how the rate of maternal transmission omission affects the dynamic behavior of Wolbachia in mosquito populations. The results of the model analysis explain the failure of Vietnam's release work in 2013. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the background of mosquito-borne diseases, the research status of Wolbachia dynamics in mosquito populations and the main work of this paper. In chapter 2, we first prove the invariance and boundedness of the solution of the system, then we derive two identities of the full text analysis, then we divide them into nine cases according to the parameters of the model, and give the global analysis of the system in each case. The theoretical results show that the incomplete mother propagation can result in monomorphic, bistable and polymorphic systems compared with complete mother propagation. In chapter 3, the effects of maternal transmission omissions on the formulation of mosquito release strategies are discussed by numerical simulation. Incomplete parent propagation brings complex dynamic behavior to the system. With the increasing of omissions, the system exhibits monomorphic, polymorphic or bistable dynamic behavior in turn. For three models with different mother propagation rates, the threshold curves of different mother propagation omissions are estimated by numerical simulation method, and the effects of different mother propagation omissions on Wolbachia propagation are revealed.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O175
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