人力资本对技术创新全要素生产率增长的实证研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 14:09

【摘要】：中国经济步入新常态,知识创新与技术进步相融合将成为经济转型升级的关键要素,而人力资本恰是知识和技术的载体,因此,研究人力资本与技术创新之间的关系对于促进经济持续发展具有深远意义。第一部分,对与人力资本和技术创新相关的理论进行了简要总结与梳理,同时对全国及东、中、西部地区的人力资本以及技术创新投入产出的现状进行分析,运用基于Malmquist指数法测算中国各省份及中、东、西部地区的技术创新全要素生产率变动,并将其分解为技术进步的变动和技术效率的变动。计算结果显示,在2001—2014年期间,各省区的技术创新全要素生产率和技术进步在整体上呈增长趋势,而综合技术效率指数则无明显改善。由此得出结论,中国技术创新全要素生产率的增长主要依赖技术的进步,综合技术效率增进的作用不明显。第二部分,一改大多数论文直接将教育作为人力资本代理变量的做法,本文从人力资本形成的过程出发,选择健康人力资本、教育人力资本、迁移人力资本与技术创新全要素生产率构建面板回归模型。研究表明,东部地区人力资本净迁入对本地区的技术创新效率有明显地提升,中部、西部地区的迁移人力资本显著地抑制技术创新效率的增长。健康人力资本全国表现弱显著性,但区域间差异明显,东部地区表现不显著,而中西部地区表现显著。整体而言,人力资本结构中受教育程度对全国以及东、中、西部地区的技术创新效率的增长表现出一致地显著。第三部分,人力资本效应地发挥和所在地区的经济环境变量密切相关,选用教育人力资本作为人力资本的重点研究对象,以经济发展程度、外商直接投资、金融发展水平、基础设施建设程度等环境变量作为门槛对象,考察不同门槛变量的作用下人力资本影响技术创新效率的增长效应。研究得出的结论,所有外部经济变量对人力资本效应存在明显的门槛特征,在不同的门槛值下显著性不同,对应的环境变量的门槛值越高人力资本的效应越显著。根据本文得出的结论,对文章的研究主题提出了相应地对策建议。认为教育应该更加注重公平,尤其必须加大对中西部地区的教育投入。注重培养学生解决问题的能力,应加强对健康保障的投入,鼓励人才自由流动,最后,从经济、金融、基础设施、外商直接投资等外部环境变量的角度,提出使得人力资本效应更好发挥地建议。
[Abstract]:With China's economy entering the new normal, the integration of knowledge innovation and technological progress will become the key element of economic transformation and upgrading, and human capital is the carrier of knowledge and technology. It is of great significance to study the relationship between human capital and technological innovation to promote the sustainable development of economy. The first part briefly summarizes and combs the theories related to human capital and technological innovation, and analyzes the present situation of human capital and the input-output of technological innovation in the whole country and in the east, middle and west regions. Based on the Malmquist index method, the total factor productivity change of technological innovation in China's provinces and regions in the middle, east and west is estimated, and it is decomposed into the changes of technological progress and technological efficiency. The results show that in 2001-2014, the total factor productivity and technological progress of technological innovation in the provinces and regions showed an overall growth trend, while the comprehensive technological efficiency index did not improve significantly. It is concluded that the growth of total factor productivity of technological innovation in China mainly depends on the progress of technology, but the effect of comprehensive technical efficiency is not obvious. In the second part, I change the way that most papers directly regard education as the proxy variable of human capital. This paper starts from the process of human capital formation, chooses healthy human capital, educates human capital. Transfer of human capital and total factor productivity of technological innovation build panel regression model. The results show that the net migration of human capital in the eastern region has significantly improved the efficiency of technological innovation in this region, while the migration of human capital in the central and western regions has significantly inhibited the growth of the efficiency of technological innovation. The national health human capital performance is weak, but the regional difference is obvious, the performance of the eastern region is not significant, and the performance of the central and western regions is significant. As a whole, the educational level in the human capital structure has a consistent and remarkable effect on the growth of technological innovation efficiency in the whole country, in the east, in the middle and in the west. In the third part, the exertion of the human capital effect is closely related to the economic environment variables of the region, and the educational human capital is chosen as the key research object of human capital, with the degree of economic development, foreign direct investment, and financial development level. The environmental variables, such as the degree of infrastructure construction, are used as threshold objects to investigate the growth effect of human capital on the efficiency of technological innovation under the influence of different threshold variables. The conclusion of the study is that all external economic variables have obvious threshold characteristics on human capital. The higher the threshold value of the corresponding environmental variable is, the more significant the human capital effect is. According to the conclusion of this paper, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The author thinks that education should pay more attention to fairness, especially to the central and western regions. Emphasis should be placed on developing students' problem-solving abilities, strengthening investment in health care, encouraging the free flow of talents, and finally, from the perspective of external environmental variables such as economy, finance, infrastructure, foreign direct investment, etc. Put forward to make the human capital effect to play better suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F124.3;F249.2

【参考文献】