烯效唑对玉米抗倒伏性、抗氧化防御系统和籽粒灌浆的调控
发布时间：2021-08-20 02:22
倒伏现象是影响作物产量和品质的重要因素。在半干旱地区,除倒伏因素外,降雨量少及分配不均匀等问题严重影响作物生长。由于水分亏缺导致植物机体内活性氧（ROS）积累和光合色素降解,抑制植物光合作用,加剧叶片衰老失活,致使源库流不协调,降低作物产量。对作物生长发育和抗倒伏有着重要影响。为阐明延缓抑制型植物生长调节剂对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性、抗氧化系统和抗倒伏能力及产量的调控,本研究通过2年的田间试验,研究了烯效唑处理种子和叶面不同时期喷施以及生长后期配合乙烯应用不同处理对玉米茎秆抗倒伏的物理性状与形态指标、木质素代谢、抗氧化生理机制、籽粒灌浆特征及对产量的影响。设置浸种（Soaking,S）和叶面喷施（Foliage applying,F）烯效唑的浓度为:0（CK0）,25(U25),50(U50)和75(U75)mg kg–1,叶面喷施于玉米八叶期时进行;为进一步明确烯效唑喷施对玉米生长后期抗衰老及产量形成的影响,设置附加试验,于玉米十二叶时叶面喷施不同浓度烯效唑、玉米抽雄吐丝后10天叶...
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：121 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Plant growth regulator uniconazole and its mode of action
1.2.1 Effect of uniconazole on gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis
1.2.2 Effect of uniconazole on ABA biosynthesis
1.2.3 Effect of uniconazole on CK biosynthesis
1.3 Effects of plant growth regulators on enhancing lodging resistance
1.3.1 Causes and yield losses due to lodging stress
1.3.2 Role of lignin metabolism in lodging resistance of crops
1.3.3 Role of plant growth regulators on improving lodging resistance
1.4 Effects of plant growth regulators on photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense system, and leaf senescence
1.4.1 Effect of leaf senescence on photosynthetic pigments
1.4.2 Role of antioxidant enzymes activities in inhibition of reactive oxygen species accumulations
1.4.3 Effect of plant growth regulators on antioxidant defense system and leaf senescence
1.5 Effects of plant growth regulators on grain filling and endogenous hormones contents
1.5.1 Role of CKs in grain filling process
1.5.2 Role of ABA and GA in grain filling process
1.5.3 Effects of plant growth regulators on endogenous hormones contents
1.6 Objectives of the research
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experimental location
2.2 Field experiment, materials, and design
2.3 Sampling and measurements
2.3.1 Internode diameter (mm) and internode plumpness (g cm–1)
2.3.2 Plant height (cm) and ear height (cm)
2.3.3 Rind penetration strength (N mm–2)
2.3.4 Lignin content and activities of lignin-related enzymes
2.3.5 Lodging behavior
2.3.6 Plant sampling for chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, MDA content, anti-oxidant enzymes activities and ROS
2.3.7 Preparation of enzyme extracts
2.3.8 ROS
2.3.9 Green leaf areas in the middle, bottom, and top layers
2.3.10 above dry matter accumulation (g plant–1)
2.3.11 Sampling and measurements for grain filling and endogenous hormones contents
2.3.12 Ear characteristics and grain yield (t ha–1)
2.4 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER 3 UNICONAZOLE APPLICATION STRATIGIES TO IMPROVE LIGNIN METABOLISM AND ITS RELATION WITH LODGING RESISTANCE IN MAIZE
3.1 Weather conditions during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons
3.2 Internode diameter and internode plumpness
3.3 Plant and ear height
3.4 Rind penetration strength
3.5 Lignin content and activities of lignin-related enzymes in the third basal internode
3.5.1 Lignin content
3.5.2 Activities of lignin-related enzymes
3.6 Lodging rate (%)
3.7 Relationships between lignin content, activities of lignin related enzymes, lodging rate, and rind penetration strength
3.8 Discussion
3.9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION OF UNICONAZOLE IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE BY ENHANCING THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISM AND DELAYING LEAF SENESCNECE
4.1 Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate
4.2 Soluble protein content and lipid peroxidation
4.3 Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT)
4.4 ROS
4.5 Leaf area in the bottom, middle, and top layers
4.6 Discussion
4.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 GRAIN FILLING AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES RESPONSE OF MAIZE STIMULATED BY UNICONAZOLE APPLICATION
5.1 Above dry matter accumulation plant~(-1)
5.2 Dry matter accumulation in grains
5.3 Grain filling
5.4 Hormonal changes during grain filling process
5.4.1 ABA content
5.4.2 Z+ZR contents
5.4.3 GAs content
5.5 Ear characteristics, thousand kernel weight and grain yield
5.6 Relationship between endogenous hormones content and grain filling characteristics
5.7 Discussion
5.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 EFFECT OF UNICONAZOLE SOLE APPLICATION OR WITH ETHEPHON ON LATER GROWTH STAGES ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISM
6.1 Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate
6.2 Soluble protein and MDA contents
6.3 Antioxidant enzymes activities
6.4 ROS
6.5 Discussion
6.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7 EFFECT OF UNICONAZOLE SOLE APPLICATION OR WITH ETHEPHON ON LATER GROWTH STAGES ON GRAIN FILLING AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES CONTENTS
7.1 Dynamics of dry matter accumulations in grains in different ear positions
7.2 Grain filling
7.3 Hormonal changes
7.3.1 ABA content
7.3.2 Z+ZR contents
7.3.3 GAs content
7.4 Grain yield, thousand kernel weight and characters of ear
7.5 Relationship between endogenous hormones contents and grain filling characteristics
7.6 Discussion
7.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND MAIN CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOUR
PUBLISHED PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS (SCI)
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice[J]. ZHANG Wu-jun,WU Long-mei,DING Yan-feng,WENG Fei,WU Xiao-ran,LI Gang-hua,LIU Zheng-hui,TANG She,DING Cheng-qiang,WANG Shao-hua. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2016(05)
[2]Physiological Mechanisms of Delaying Leaf Senescence in Maize Treated with Compound Mixtures of DCPTA and CCC[J]. Wang Yong-chao,Gu Wan-rong,Ye Le-fu,Sun Yang,Li Li-jie,Zhang He,Li Jing,Wei Shi. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University（English Edition）. 2015(03)
[3]乙烯利对夏玉米子粒干物质积累的影响及生理机制探究[J]. 王海永,张明才,陈小文,牛晓雪,苏贺,董学会. 玉米科学. 2013(05)
[4]玉米果穗不同部位籽粒激素含量及其与胚乳发育和籽粒灌浆的关系[J]. 徐云姬,顾道健,张博博,张耗,王志琴,杨建昌. 作物学报. 2013(08)
[5]小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系[J]. 陈晓光,史春余,尹燕枰,王振林,石玉华,彭佃亮,倪英丽,蔡铁. 作物学报. 2011(09)
[6]烯效唑浸种对谷子植株生长发育的效应[J]. 张永清,裴红宾,刘良全,王璐,苗果园. 作物学报. 2009(11)
[7]喷施烯效唑对玉米叶片衰老特性和产量的影响[J]. 王小春,杨文钰,陈刚,李乾亮,王星斌. 玉米科学. 2009(01)
[8]烯效唑浸种对大豆种子萌发及保护性酶系的影响[J]. 宋胜,冯乃杰,郑殿峰. 大豆科学. 2008(02)
[9]群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J]. 勾玲,黄建军,张宾,李涛,孙锐,赵明. 作物学报. 2007(10)
[10]烯效唑浸种对小麦幼苗形态及生理指标的影响[J]. 刘英,李邦发,韩海波. 安徽农业科学. 2007(23)
本文编号：3352615
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：121 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Plant growth regulator uniconazole and its mode of action
1.2.1 Effect of uniconazole on gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis
1.2.2 Effect of uniconazole on ABA biosynthesis
1.2.3 Effect of uniconazole on CK biosynthesis
1.3 Effects of plant growth regulators on enhancing lodging resistance
1.3.1 Causes and yield losses due to lodging stress
1.3.2 Role of lignin metabolism in lodging resistance of crops
1.3.3 Role of plant growth regulators on improving lodging resistance
1.4 Effects of plant growth regulators on photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense system, and leaf senescence
1.4.1 Effect of leaf senescence on photosynthetic pigments
1.4.2 Role of antioxidant enzymes activities in inhibition of reactive oxygen species accumulations
1.4.3 Effect of plant growth regulators on antioxidant defense system and leaf senescence
1.5 Effects of plant growth regulators on grain filling and endogenous hormones contents
1.5.1 Role of CKs in grain filling process
1.5.2 Role of ABA and GA in grain filling process
1.5.3 Effects of plant growth regulators on endogenous hormones contents
1.6 Objectives of the research
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experimental location
2.2 Field experiment, materials, and design
2.3 Sampling and measurements
2.3.1 Internode diameter (mm) and internode plumpness (g cm–1)
2.3.2 Plant height (cm) and ear height (cm)
2.3.3 Rind penetration strength (N mm–2)
2.3.4 Lignin content and activities of lignin-related enzymes
2.3.5 Lodging behavior
2.3.6 Plant sampling for chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, MDA content, anti-oxidant enzymes activities and ROS
2.3.7 Preparation of enzyme extracts
2.3.8 ROS
2.3.9 Green leaf areas in the middle, bottom, and top layers
2.3.10 above dry matter accumulation (g plant–1)
2.3.11 Sampling and measurements for grain filling and endogenous hormones contents
2.3.12 Ear characteristics and grain yield (t ha–1)
2.4 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER 3 UNICONAZOLE APPLICATION STRATIGIES TO IMPROVE LIGNIN METABOLISM AND ITS RELATION WITH LODGING RESISTANCE IN MAIZE
3.1 Weather conditions during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons
3.2 Internode diameter and internode plumpness
3.3 Plant and ear height
3.4 Rind penetration strength
3.5 Lignin content and activities of lignin-related enzymes in the third basal internode
3.5.1 Lignin content
3.5.2 Activities of lignin-related enzymes
3.6 Lodging rate (%)
3.7 Relationships between lignin content, activities of lignin related enzymes, lodging rate, and rind penetration strength
3.8 Discussion
3.9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION OF UNICONAZOLE IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE BY ENHANCING THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISM AND DELAYING LEAF SENESCNECE
4.1 Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate
4.2 Soluble protein content and lipid peroxidation
4.3 Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT)
4.4 ROS
4.5 Leaf area in the bottom, middle, and top layers
4.6 Discussion
4.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 GRAIN FILLING AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES RESPONSE OF MAIZE STIMULATED BY UNICONAZOLE APPLICATION
5.1 Above dry matter accumulation plant~(-1)
5.2 Dry matter accumulation in grains
5.3 Grain filling
5.4 Hormonal changes during grain filling process
5.4.1 ABA content
5.4.2 Z+ZR contents
5.4.3 GAs content
5.5 Ear characteristics, thousand kernel weight and grain yield
5.6 Relationship between endogenous hormones content and grain filling characteristics
5.7 Discussion
5.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 EFFECT OF UNICONAZOLE SOLE APPLICATION OR WITH ETHEPHON ON LATER GROWTH STAGES ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISM
6.1 Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate
6.2 Soluble protein and MDA contents
6.3 Antioxidant enzymes activities
6.4 ROS
6.5 Discussion
6.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7 EFFECT OF UNICONAZOLE SOLE APPLICATION OR WITH ETHEPHON ON LATER GROWTH STAGES ON GRAIN FILLING AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES CONTENTS
7.1 Dynamics of dry matter accumulations in grains in different ear positions
7.2 Grain filling
7.3 Hormonal changes
7.3.1 ABA content
7.3.2 Z+ZR contents
7.3.3 GAs content
7.4 Grain yield, thousand kernel weight and characters of ear
7.5 Relationship between endogenous hormones contents and grain filling characteristics
7.6 Discussion
7.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND MAIN CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOUR
PUBLISHED PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS (SCI)
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice[J]. ZHANG Wu-jun,WU Long-mei,DING Yan-feng,WENG Fei,WU Xiao-ran,LI Gang-hua,LIU Zheng-hui,TANG She,DING Cheng-qiang,WANG Shao-hua. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2016(05)
[2]Physiological Mechanisms of Delaying Leaf Senescence in Maize Treated with Compound Mixtures of DCPTA and CCC[J]. Wang Yong-chao,Gu Wan-rong,Ye Le-fu,Sun Yang,Li Li-jie,Zhang He,Li Jing,Wei Shi. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University（English Edition）. 2015(03)
[3]乙烯利对夏玉米子粒干物质积累的影响及生理机制探究[J]. 王海永,张明才,陈小文,牛晓雪,苏贺,董学会. 玉米科学. 2013(05)
[4]玉米果穗不同部位籽粒激素含量及其与胚乳发育和籽粒灌浆的关系[J]. 徐云姬,顾道健,张博博,张耗,王志琴,杨建昌. 作物学报. 2013(08)
[5]小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系[J]. 陈晓光,史春余,尹燕枰,王振林,石玉华,彭佃亮,倪英丽,蔡铁. 作物学报. 2011(09)
[6]烯效唑浸种对谷子植株生长发育的效应[J]. 张永清,裴红宾,刘良全,王璐,苗果园. 作物学报. 2009(11)
[7]喷施烯效唑对玉米叶片衰老特性和产量的影响[J]. 王小春,杨文钰,陈刚,李乾亮,王星斌. 玉米科学. 2009(01)
[8]烯效唑浸种对大豆种子萌发及保护性酶系的影响[J]. 宋胜,冯乃杰,郑殿峰. 大豆科学. 2008(02)
[9]群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J]. 勾玲,黄建军,张宾,李涛,孙锐,赵明. 作物学报. 2007(10)
[10]烯效唑浸种对小麦幼苗形态及生理指标的影响[J]. 刘英,李邦发,韩海波. 安徽农业科学. 2007(23)
本文编号：3352615
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