不同氮源下钼对冬小麦根系形态、光合作用及氮代谢的影响
发布时间：2021-12-02 12:38
小麦是世界第二大种植作物,它一直被认为是喜硝态作物且铵态氮对其具有毒害效应。钼是植物必需的微量元素,它通过含钼酶影响植物体内的诸多生理生化过程,尤其是在氮代谢中具有重要作用。本论文以钼高效小麦品种 97003 和钼低效小麦品种 97014 为供试品种。利用营养液培养试验系统研究了不同氮源下（NO3--N、NH4NO3 和 NH4+-N）钼对冬小麦根系形态、光合参数、氮代谢相关酶活及矿质元素含量、铵毒诱导的抗氧化特性的影响。获得的主要结果如下:（1）研究了不同氮源条件下施钼对小麦根系结构的影响。结果表明,不同氮源下施钼均能促进根系生长,然而根系干重、根系形态指标、硝酸还原酶活性、NO 含量、NO3-含量、全氮含量、硝酸还原酶和硝酸盐转运蛋白等指标的增加幅度呈现以下顺序:NH4NO3> NO3- > NH4<...
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：165 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1:Research background and objectives
1.1 Research background:
1.2 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor and role of Mo containing enzymes in plants
1.2.1 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor in plants
1.2.2 Physiological functions of molybdenum containing enzymes in plants
1.3 The importance of molybdenum in agricultural production
1.3.1 Importance of molybdenum in agricultural crop plants
1.3.2 Importance of molybdenum in wheat plants
1.3.3 Importance of molybdenum in photosynthesis
1.3.4 Importance of molybdenum fertilizer in nitrogen metabolism
1.4 Plant molybdenum nutrition and the production of signaling molecules
1.4.1 ABA production
1.4.2 NO production
1.5 Role of molybdenum in plant antioxidative defense system
1.5.1 Molybdenum as a stress resistant element
1.5.2 Role of molybdenum in ammonium toxicity alleviation
1.6 Nitrogen fertilization
1.6.1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production and quality
1.6.2 Nitrogen sources
1.6.3 Importance of matching N source with plant species
1.6.4 Ammonium sources and risks for ecological systems
1.6.5 Ammonium toxicity in higher plants
1.6.6 Ammonium toxicity triggers ROS production and inhibits photosynthesis
1.6.7 Ammonium toxicity can be counterbalanced:the tolerance response
1.7 Importance of root system architecture in plant productivity
1.7.1 Cereals productivity through roots
1.7.2 Root system development and nitrogen use efficiency
1.7.3 Root system development under ammonium source
1.7.4 Root system development under nitrate source
1.8 Research objectives
Chapter2:Molybdenum improves the root system architecture of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under different nitrogen sources
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
2.2.2 Determination of root morphology
2.2.3 Analysis of NR activities
2.2.4 Measurement of NO contents
2.2.5 Determination of total N concentration
2.2.6 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
2.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
2.3 RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR
2.3.1 Total RNA extraction
2.3.2 Synthesis of cDNA and genomic DNA removal
2.3.3 Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)
2.3.4 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Molybdenum supply increased root growth and root Mo accumulation of winter wheat under different N sources
2.4.2 Mo application enhanced the NR activities and NO contents in winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
2.4.3 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation and nitrate and ammonium contents in wheat roots under different N sources
2.4.4 Mo supply regulated the expressions of Ta NR,TaNRT1.1,TaNRT2.1,and Ta NAR2.1 genes under different N sources
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusions
Chapter3:Molybdenum-induced effects on photosynthetic efficacy of winter wheat under different nitrogen sources are associated with nitrogen assimilation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and methods
3.2.1 Determination of leaf gas exchange parameters
3.2.2 Measurement of chlorophyll contents
3.2.3 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
3.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis
3.2.5 Analysis of NR activity
3.2.6 Determination of total N concentration
3.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Molybdenum supply increased the Mo concentration and dry matter accumulation of wheat seedlings under different N sources
3.3.2 Molybdenum application enhanced photosynthetic efficacy of wheat under different N sources
3.3.3 Molybdenum supply altered the chloroplasts configuration under different N sources
3.3.4 Mo application increased the NR activities,and affected the contents of nitrate and ammonium in leaves of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.5 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.6 Mo supply regulated the expression of Ta NR and TaNRT1.1 genes under different N sources
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
Chapter4:Effects of molybdenum supply on nitrogen metabolism enzymes and elemental profile in winter wheat under different nitrogen sources
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and methods
4.2.1 Measurement of nitrite contents
4.2.2 Measurement of NiR activity
4.2.3 Analysis of GS activity
4.2.4 Measurement of GOGAT activity
4.2.5 Measurement of total amino acids
4.2.6 Measurement of total soluble proteins
4.2.7 Mineral Elements Assays
4.2.8 Total RNA Extraction and Quantitative RT-PCR
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effects of Mo application on N metabolism enzymes activities under different N sources
4.3.2 Mo supply regulated the expressions of NR,NiR,GS and GOGAT genes under different N sources
4.3.3 Effects of Mo application on inorganic and reduced N accumulation in wheat leaves under different N sources
4.3.4 Effects of Mo application on the elemental profiling of winter wheat leaves under different N sources
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter5:Molybdenum supply improves oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Measurement of AO activity
5.2.2 Measurement of ABA content
5.2.3 Analysis of superoxide anion(O2-)and membrane damage
5.2.4 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Effects of Mo application on whole plant dry biomass under different N sources
5.3.2 Mo supply enhanced AO activity and endogenous ABA contents under different N sources
5.3.3 Mo supply regulated the expressions of TaAO and TaAba3 genes under different N sources
5.3.4 ROS and the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes of winter wheat plants under different N sources
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
Chapter6:Conclusions and future directions
6.1 Main conclusions
6.1.1 Extent of complementation between Mo fertilizer and different N sources in winter wheat plants
6.1.2 Molybdenum fertilizer improved the root system architecture of wheat plants
6.1.3 Besides chlorophyll contents and chloroplast configuration,Mo application also increased photosynthesis through efficient N assimilation
6.1.4 Mo application increased the activities and expressions of N metabolism enzymes
6.1.5 Different N sources affected the macro-and micro-elements concentrations in the leaf tissues of wheat plants
6.1.6 Molybdenum application improved the oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat plants
6.2 Future directions
References
Scientific contribution
Acknowledgement
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J]. Shabir H.Wani,Vinay Kumar,Varsha Shriram,Saroj Kumar Sah. The Crop Journal. 2016(03)
[2]钼对苹果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗硝态氮吸收、转化及分配的影响[J]. 刘利,欧志锋,姜远茂,魏绍冲. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2015(03)
[3]高铵胁迫对拟南芥幼苗侧根生长的影响及机制探索[J]. 李青,李保海,施卫明. 土壤. 2011(03)
[4]拟南芥幼苗对高NH4+响应的特征及不同生态型间的差异[J]. 李保海,施卫明. 土壤学报. 2007(03)
[5]Effects of Molybdenum on the Intermediates of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Low Temperature[J]. YU Min1, 2, HU Cheng-xiao1 and WANG Yun-hua1 1 Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China 2 Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, P.R.China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2006(09)
[6]低温胁迫下钼对冬小麦抗氧化防御系统及膜脂过氧化的影响(英文)[J]. 孙学成,胡承孝,谭启玲. 植物生理与分子生物学学报. 2006(02)
[7]缺钼对冬小麦不同品种叶绿素含量和叶绿体超微结构的影响[J]. 喻敏,胡承孝,王运华. 华中农业大学学报. 2005(05)
[8]钼、硼对大豆光合效率的影响[J]. 刘鹏,杨玉爱. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2003(04)
[9]钼、氮肥配合施用对冬小麦子粒蛋白质及其氨基酸组成的影响[J]. 胡承孝,王运华,谭启玲,魏文学. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2002(02)
[10]钼对黄棕壤上冬小麦碳代谢的影响[J]. 庞静,胡承孝,王运华,魏文学. 华中农业大学学报. 2001(01)
本文编号：3528458
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：165 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1:Research background and objectives
1.1 Research background:
1.2 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor and role of Mo containing enzymes in plants
1.2.1 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor in plants
1.2.2 Physiological functions of molybdenum containing enzymes in plants
1.3 The importance of molybdenum in agricultural production
1.3.1 Importance of molybdenum in agricultural crop plants
1.3.2 Importance of molybdenum in wheat plants
1.3.3 Importance of molybdenum in photosynthesis
1.3.4 Importance of molybdenum fertilizer in nitrogen metabolism
1.4 Plant molybdenum nutrition and the production of signaling molecules
1.4.1 ABA production
1.4.2 NO production
1.5 Role of molybdenum in plant antioxidative defense system
1.5.1 Molybdenum as a stress resistant element
1.5.2 Role of molybdenum in ammonium toxicity alleviation
1.6 Nitrogen fertilization
1.6.1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production and quality
1.6.2 Nitrogen sources
1.6.3 Importance of matching N source with plant species
1.6.4 Ammonium sources and risks for ecological systems
1.6.5 Ammonium toxicity in higher plants
1.6.6 Ammonium toxicity triggers ROS production and inhibits photosynthesis
1.6.7 Ammonium toxicity can be counterbalanced:the tolerance response
1.7 Importance of root system architecture in plant productivity
1.7.1 Cereals productivity through roots
1.7.2 Root system development and nitrogen use efficiency
1.7.3 Root system development under ammonium source
1.7.4 Root system development under nitrate source
1.8 Research objectives
Chapter2:Molybdenum improves the root system architecture of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under different nitrogen sources
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
2.2.2 Determination of root morphology
2.2.3 Analysis of NR activities
2.2.4 Measurement of NO contents
2.2.5 Determination of total N concentration
2.2.6 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
2.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
2.3 RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR
2.3.1 Total RNA extraction
2.3.2 Synthesis of cDNA and genomic DNA removal
2.3.3 Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)
2.3.4 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Molybdenum supply increased root growth and root Mo accumulation of winter wheat under different N sources
2.4.2 Mo application enhanced the NR activities and NO contents in winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
2.4.3 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation and nitrate and ammonium contents in wheat roots under different N sources
2.4.4 Mo supply regulated the expressions of Ta NR,TaNRT1.1,TaNRT2.1,and Ta NAR2.1 genes under different N sources
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusions
Chapter3:Molybdenum-induced effects on photosynthetic efficacy of winter wheat under different nitrogen sources are associated with nitrogen assimilation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and methods
3.2.1 Determination of leaf gas exchange parameters
3.2.2 Measurement of chlorophyll contents
3.2.3 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
3.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis
3.2.5 Analysis of NR activity
3.2.6 Determination of total N concentration
3.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Molybdenum supply increased the Mo concentration and dry matter accumulation of wheat seedlings under different N sources
3.3.2 Molybdenum application enhanced photosynthetic efficacy of wheat under different N sources
3.3.3 Molybdenum supply altered the chloroplasts configuration under different N sources
3.3.4 Mo application increased the NR activities,and affected the contents of nitrate and ammonium in leaves of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.5 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.6 Mo supply regulated the expression of Ta NR and TaNRT1.1 genes under different N sources
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
Chapter4:Effects of molybdenum supply on nitrogen metabolism enzymes and elemental profile in winter wheat under different nitrogen sources
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and methods
4.2.1 Measurement of nitrite contents
4.2.2 Measurement of NiR activity
4.2.3 Analysis of GS activity
4.2.4 Measurement of GOGAT activity
4.2.5 Measurement of total amino acids
4.2.6 Measurement of total soluble proteins
4.2.7 Mineral Elements Assays
4.2.8 Total RNA Extraction and Quantitative RT-PCR
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effects of Mo application on N metabolism enzymes activities under different N sources
4.3.2 Mo supply regulated the expressions of NR,NiR,GS and GOGAT genes under different N sources
4.3.3 Effects of Mo application on inorganic and reduced N accumulation in wheat leaves under different N sources
4.3.4 Effects of Mo application on the elemental profiling of winter wheat leaves under different N sources
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter5:Molybdenum supply improves oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Measurement of AO activity
5.2.2 Measurement of ABA content
5.2.3 Analysis of superoxide anion(O2-)and membrane damage
5.2.4 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Effects of Mo application on whole plant dry biomass under different N sources
5.3.2 Mo supply enhanced AO activity and endogenous ABA contents under different N sources
5.3.3 Mo supply regulated the expressions of TaAO and TaAba3 genes under different N sources
5.3.4 ROS and the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes of winter wheat plants under different N sources
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
Chapter6:Conclusions and future directions
6.1 Main conclusions
6.1.1 Extent of complementation between Mo fertilizer and different N sources in winter wheat plants
6.1.2 Molybdenum fertilizer improved the root system architecture of wheat plants
6.1.3 Besides chlorophyll contents and chloroplast configuration,Mo application also increased photosynthesis through efficient N assimilation
6.1.4 Mo application increased the activities and expressions of N metabolism enzymes
6.1.5 Different N sources affected the macro-and micro-elements concentrations in the leaf tissues of wheat plants
6.1.6 Molybdenum application improved the oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat plants
6.2 Future directions
References
Scientific contribution
Acknowledgement
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J]. Shabir H.Wani,Vinay Kumar,Varsha Shriram,Saroj Kumar Sah. The Crop Journal. 2016(03)
[2]钼对苹果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗硝态氮吸收、转化及分配的影响[J]. 刘利,欧志锋,姜远茂,魏绍冲. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2015(03)
[3]高铵胁迫对拟南芥幼苗侧根生长的影响及机制探索[J]. 李青,李保海,施卫明. 土壤. 2011(03)
[4]拟南芥幼苗对高NH4+响应的特征及不同生态型间的差异[J]. 李保海,施卫明. 土壤学报. 2007(03)
[5]Effects of Molybdenum on the Intermediates of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Low Temperature[J]. YU Min1, 2, HU Cheng-xiao1 and WANG Yun-hua1 1 Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China 2 Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, P.R.China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2006(09)
[6]低温胁迫下钼对冬小麦抗氧化防御系统及膜脂过氧化的影响(英文)[J]. 孙学成,胡承孝,谭启玲. 植物生理与分子生物学学报. 2006(02)
[7]缺钼对冬小麦不同品种叶绿素含量和叶绿体超微结构的影响[J]. 喻敏,胡承孝,王运华. 华中农业大学学报. 2005(05)
[8]钼、硼对大豆光合效率的影响[J]. 刘鹏,杨玉爱. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2003(04)
[9]钼、氮肥配合施用对冬小麦子粒蛋白质及其氨基酸组成的影响[J]. 胡承孝,王运华,谭启玲,魏文学. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2002(02)
[10]钼对黄棕壤上冬小麦碳代谢的影响[J]. 庞静,胡承孝,王运华,魏文学. 华中农业大学学报. 2001(01)
本文编号：3528458
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