市场集中、空间集聚与中国制造业产能利用率——基于微观企业数据的实证研究

发布时间：2018-11-23 14:05

【摘要】：本文利用制造业企业数据并运用DEA方法测算了中国微观层面的企业产能利用率,并以市场集中和空间集聚为切入点实证检验了关于产能过剩的两类理论观点:投资潮涌和市场涌入导致市场分散和产能过剩的"发展阶段说";地方政府竞相促进投资导致重复建设和产能过剩的"地方政府说"。测算结果显示,中国制造业企业的平均产能利用率不到70%且在研究期间内逐年下降。从内部看,主要是大企业与小企业之间的产能利用率差异较大,前者往往高出30个百分点,而行业、地区和所有制类型之间虽有差异但均在10个百分点以内。实证检验表明,市场集中度和企业规模、空间基尼系数和政府补贴各自与企业产能利用率均显著正相关,但对双方同时检验时后两者的显著性和系数很不稳定。这意味着市场过于分散、企业规模过小是全球金融危机前中国经济中出现产能过剩现象的主导因素,而地方政府的重复性产业建设则通过影响市场分散和企业规模发挥作用。换句话说,在导致市场分散、企业规模较小的投资潮涌和市场涌入的推动因素之中,由地方政府所主导的重复且分散于各地的同构性产业建设便是其中之一。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the data of manufacturing enterprises and uses the DEA method to calculate the utilization rate of the enterprise capacity at the micro level of China, and the two kinds of theoretical points on the excess capacity are verified by using the market concentration and the space cluster as the starting point. The influx of investment and the influx of markets led to the "development stage theory" of market fragmentation and overcapacity; local governments are scrambling to promote investment in the "local government theory" of repeated construction and overcapacity. The results show that the average production capacity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is less than 70% and is decreasing year by year in the research period. From the inside, the difference of capacity utilization between large enterprises and small enterprises is relatively large, the former tends to be 30 percentage points higher, while the difference between the industry, the region and the ownership type is within 10 percentage points. The empirical test shows that the market concentration and the size of the enterprise, the space-based Nini coefficient and the government subsidy are all positively related to the utilization rate of the enterprise, but the significance and the coefficient of both the market concentration and the enterprise scale are not stable at the same time. This means that the market is too dispersed, and the small size of the enterprise is the leading factor of the overcapacity in the Chinese economy before the global financial crisis, while the local government's repetitive industrial construction plays a role in influencing the distribution of the market and the size of the enterprise. In other words, among the driving factors that lead to the market dispersion, the small-scale investment in the enterprise and the influx of the market, the construction of the homogeneous industry led by the local government and scattered all over the country is one of them.
【作者单位】：北京大学博士后流动站;银监会博士后工作站;南开大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家留学基金中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXA1402)的资助
【分类号】：F424

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