从《女诫》看中国传统女性伦理观

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:14

本文选题：班昭　切入点：《女诫》　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《女诫》为班昭所撰,是专门用来教导传统女性要始终处于卑贱的地位,敬慎丈夫、曲从舅姑、亲和叔妹的劝诫类要辑。它是在总结前人女性伦理思想的基础之上形成的,并对后世女性伦理观有深远影响,在封建社会女性伦理史上具有里程碑的意义。故分析《女诫》透显的传统女性所要遵从的伦理枷锁,便可对整个封建社会传统女性所遭遇的压迫和役使管窥一二。乾坤阴阳的性别哲学是《女诫》成书的理论依据。“乾坤”对应“天地”对应“阳阴”,在性别上指“男女”,“阳”的事物处于主导的地位有积极的作用,“阴”的事物处于从属的地位有配合的作用,因而产生了“阳贵阴贱”的价值判断和“男尊女卑”的伦理观。班氏家族儒学氛围浓厚,班昭在日渐熏染中接受了乾坤阴阳的性别哲学。血亲宗法的父权制社会和班昭宫廷为师的特殊经历都为《女诫》成书推波助澜。“男尊女卑”、“三从之道”和“忠贞守节”是《女诫》伦理观的基本宗旨。女子从一出生开始就被灌输男尊女卑的思想,接受三从四德的训化,以守节为最高的美德,甘愿成为男权社会的附庸品和牺牲品。一方面,女性要加强个体修养,学习为人妇的基本技能,包括妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功；另一方面,女性要加强人际道德,做到敬慎丈夫、曲从公婆、亲和叔妹。最终要塑造一个“贤妻良母”的理想模型,实现中国传统文化对女性伦理道德的最高期待。《女诫》与《女论语》、《内训》、《女范捷录》合称为“女四书”,将《女诫》与其他三本分别进行比较可以发现,传统女性所遵从的伦理信条是一个逐渐发展、完善、成熟的过程,直到宋明时期变得越发严苛甚至畸形。严苛甚至畸形。毋庸置疑,当代社会打破了“男外女内”的传统性别定位,“男女平等”的伦理诉求日益凸显。然而,应当看到的是,在实际工作中,无视男女生理和性别差异,一味追求所谓的“男女平等”,只会让女性承受更多的痛苦,使其难以在家庭和工作间很好地做到平衡。反观传统女性伦理思想,不难发现,其所蕴含的柔弱、四德等伦理规范,对保持当代女性柔美的性别特性,构建两性和谐的伦理关系,以及实现家庭伦理秩序的稳定,仍具借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Written by Ban Zhao, it is specifically used to teach traditional women that they should always be in a humble position. It is a collection of exhortations that are intended to be respectful to their husbands, to their aunts, and to uncles and sisters. It is formed on the basis of summing up the ethical thoughts of previous women. It has a profound influence on the female ethics of later generations and has a milestone significance in the history of female ethics in feudal society. We can see the oppression and servitude of the traditional women in the whole feudal society. The gender philosophy of "Qiankun Yin and Yang" is the theoretical basis of the "female Commandments". "Qiankun" corresponds to "heaven and earth" corresponding to "yang and yin" and refers to "gender". " "Men and women," "Yang" things in the dominant position has a positive role, "Yin" things in a subordinate position has the role of coordination, As a result, the value judgment of "Yang Guiyin is inferior" and the ethical view of "male superiority and inferiority" have emerged. Ban Zhao accepted the gender philosophy of yin and yang. The patriarchal society of blood and patriarchal clan and the special experience of banzhao court as teachers contributed to the writing of female commandments. "men are inferior to women", "three ways" and "loyalty" The observance of the Day is the basic tenet of the moral concept of the female Commandments. Women are indoctrinated from the very beginning of their birth with the idea that men are superior to women. Accept the three conformities and four virtues as the highest virtue, willing to become the subservient and victim of the patriarchal society. On the one hand, women should strengthen their individual cultivation and learn the basic skills of being women, including women's morality, women's speech, women's appearance and women's merit; On the other hand, women should strengthen their interpersonal morality, be respectful of their husbands, qu Zong's parents-in-law and uncles and sisters. Finally, they should create an ideal model of "good wife and good mother." Realizing the highest expectation of Chinese traditional culture to women's ethics and morality. "female commandments" and "female Analects of Confucius", "Internal training", "female Fan Jie Lu" are collectively called "Women's four Books". Comparing the "Women's Commandments" with the other three books can be found. The ethical creed that traditional women follow is a process of gradual development, perfection, and maturity, until Song Ming became even more harsh and even deformed. Contemporary society has broken the traditional gender orientation of "male and female", and the ethical appeal of "equality between men and women" has become increasingly prominent. However, it should be noted that in practical work, the physiological and gender differences between men and women are ignored. Blindly pursuing so-called "equality between men and women" will only make women suffer more, making it difficult for them to strike a good balance between family and work. It is still of great significance to maintain the feminine gender characteristics of contemporary women, to construct the harmonious ethical relationship between the two sexes and to realize the stability of the family ethical order.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B82-0

【参考文献】