我国核电发展的伦理反思

发布时间：2018-04-23 22:29

本文选题：核电发展 + 核伦理　；参考：《南华大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国核电经历了近半个世纪的发展,已经成为国家能源发展的重要战略选择,为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴“中国梦”注入了强大的动力。然而,我国核电发展仍存在诸多现实问题:一是核电的优势与风险并存。核电在给人类带来经济、社会利益时,也产生了一定的安全、生态风险,从而引发了社会各界对核电的广泛争议,发展核电很难形成社会共识;二是发展的公平与正义冲突。随着内陆核电的呼声越来越高,在核电选址、产业布局等问题上如何做到公平正义,事关核电发展全局;三是公众的认知与参与缺位。人民群众对核电缺乏应有的认知,在核电立项、建设、运行和退役等各个环节的参与度不高,加之公众对核电普遍存在“刻板印象”,导致社会“反核”情绪高涨。这些问题如果得不到及时、有效的解决,不仅会严重制约我国核电的可持续发展,还将成为影响社会主义和谐社会建设的不稳定因素。本文通过回顾世界核电发展和我国核电发展的现状,在国内外专家、学者的核伦理学研究成果的基础上,进一步阐述了我国核电发展的三大伦理原则:一是安全第一原则;二是理性发展原则;三是公平正义原则。注重理论与实践相结合,以期为我国核电发展提供指导性的伦理道德规范。本文从我国核电发展的价值难题、道德困境出发,尝试行地探索了核电发展的伦理路径。一是以“幸福”为旨,匡正核价值观。从核伦理学的目的性价值——“共同幸福”出发,用伦理价值的向度,对核电发展的目标、手段和结果进行和目的性的批判和引导;二是以“理性”为纲,落实核安全观。解读以“四个并重”为核心的中国核安全观,剖析其蕴含的辩证思维、民本思维和国际思维,进而指导我国核电有序健康发展;三是以“人民”为本,强化核安全观。以“人民主体论”思想为指引,提出了“普及核情核理”“汇聚民意民智”两方面的实践。
[Abstract]:Nuclear power in China has experienced nearly half a century of development and has become an important strategic choice for the development of national energy. It has injected powerful impetus into the realization of the goal of "two hundred years" and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, "Chinese Dream". However, there are still many practical problems in the development of nuclear power in China: first, the advantages and risks of nuclear power coexist. When nuclear power brings economic and social benefits to human beings, it also produces certain safety and ecological risks, which leads to widespread controversy about nuclear power in all walks of life, and it is difficult to form a social consensus on the development of nuclear power; second, it is the conflict between fairness and justice in the development of nuclear power. With the growing voice of inland nuclear power, how to achieve fairness and justice in nuclear power location, industrial layout and other issues is related to the overall situation of nuclear power development; third, the lack of public awareness and participation. The people's lack of proper understanding of nuclear power and their low participation in the establishment, construction, operation and retirement of nuclear power, and the widespread "stereotype" of nuclear power among the public have led to the upsurge of social "anti-nuclear" sentiment. If these problems are not solved in a timely and effective manner, they will not only seriously restrict the sustainable development of nuclear power in China, but also become an unstable factor affecting the construction of a harmonious socialist society. This paper reviews the development of nuclear power in the world and the current situation of nuclear power development in China. Based on the research results of nuclear ethics of experts and scholars at home and abroad, this paper further expounds the three ethical principles of nuclear power development in China: first, the principle of safety first; The second is the principle of rational development and the third is the principle of fairness and justice. Focus on the combination of theory and practice in order to provide guiding ethical norms for the development of nuclear power in China. Starting from the value problem and moral dilemma of nuclear power development in China, this paper tries to explore the ethical path of nuclear power development. First, to "happiness" for the purpose of rectifying nuclear values. Starting from the purposive value of nuclear ethics, "Common Happiness", the author criticizes and guides the goal, means and result of nuclear power development with the direction of ethical value, and implements the concept of nuclear safety on the basis of "rationality". In order to guide the orderly and healthy development of nuclear power in China, the author interprets China's nuclear safety concept with "four equal emphasis" as the core, analyzes its dialectical thinking, people-oriented thinking and international thinking, and strengthens the nuclear safety view based on "people". Guided by the thought of "people's subject theory", this paper puts forward the practice of "popularizing nuclear situation and reasoning" and "gathering public opinion and wisdom".
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B82-05

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