叔本华与尼采伦理学中的视角主义、相互性及同情本能
发布时间：2018-07-31 10:35
【摘要】：叔本华与尼采在道德观上的基本诉求可以说是正相反。前者认为道德主体对包括弱者在内的他人利益的关切或同情是道德唯一合法的动机,而后者则主张摈除以同情、怜悯、宽恕为特征的奴隶道德,代之以征服、压迫、索取为特征的主人道德。叔本华同情伦理学的根据在于人类的同情本能,而尼采的强者伦理学的根据在于其基于利己主义的视角主义道德观。从现代伦理学的视角来看,尼采忽视或否定人类的同情本能,说明其对人性或人类本能的认识并不客观全面。而叔本华凸显同情本能的作用从现代伦理学的观点来看是十分合理的,他对人类同情本能的理解非常接近现代社会科学和自然科学的相关研究。但是叔本华将包括相互性原则在内的任何形式的利己因素完全排除在道德的范畴之外,并不符合人类道德进化的实际。从现代伦理学的视角对叔本华、尼采伦理学中的视角主义道德观、同情道德观以及相互性原则进行分析,可以让我们更加清楚地看到人类本性中利己和利他两个向度在人类道德中所起的作用。
[Abstract]:Schopenhauer and Nietzsche's basic demands on morality can be said to be opposite. The former holds that the moral subject's concern or sympathy for the interests of others, including the weak, is the only legitimate motive of morality, while the latter advocates the rejection of slave morality characterized by compassion, compassion and forgiveness, instead of subjugation and oppression. A master's morality characterized by demand. Schopenhauer's sympathy ethics is based on human sympathy instinct, while Nietzsche's strong man's ethics is based on his egoism. From the perspective of modern ethics, Nietzsche neglects or negates human sympathy instinct, which shows that Nietzsche's understanding of human nature or human instinct is not objective and comprehensive. Schopenhauer highlights the role of sympathy instinct from the point of view of modern ethics is very reasonable, his understanding of human sympathy instinct is very close to modern social science and natural science related research. But Schopenhauer excluded any form of egoism, including the principle of reciprocity, from the category of morality, which is not in line with the evolution of human morality. From the perspective of modern ethics, this paper analyzes Schopenhauer, Nietzsche's ethics of visual angle of ethics, sympathy of morality and the principle of reciprocity. We can see more clearly the role of self-interest and altruism in human morality.
【作者单位】： 南京师范大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：江苏省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“罗尔斯理性主义伦理学方法批判研究”(15ZXB004)阶段性成果
【分类号】：B82-0
本文编号：2155321
[Abstract]:Schopenhauer and Nietzsche's basic demands on morality can be said to be opposite. The former holds that the moral subject's concern or sympathy for the interests of others, including the weak, is the only legitimate motive of morality, while the latter advocates the rejection of slave morality characterized by compassion, compassion and forgiveness, instead of subjugation and oppression. A master's morality characterized by demand. Schopenhauer's sympathy ethics is based on human sympathy instinct, while Nietzsche's strong man's ethics is based on his egoism. From the perspective of modern ethics, Nietzsche neglects or negates human sympathy instinct, which shows that Nietzsche's understanding of human nature or human instinct is not objective and comprehensive. Schopenhauer highlights the role of sympathy instinct from the point of view of modern ethics is very reasonable, his understanding of human sympathy instinct is very close to modern social science and natural science related research. But Schopenhauer excluded any form of egoism, including the principle of reciprocity, from the category of morality, which is not in line with the evolution of human morality. From the perspective of modern ethics, this paper analyzes Schopenhauer, Nietzsche's ethics of visual angle of ethics, sympathy of morality and the principle of reciprocity. We can see more clearly the role of self-interest and altruism in human morality.
【作者单位】： 南京师范大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：江苏省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“罗尔斯理性主义伦理学方法批判研究”(15ZXB004)阶段性成果
【分类号】：B82-0
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