阐释与转化:“忠孝”观念的现代解读

发布时间：2018-08-02 14:32

【摘要】：晚年孙中山重新阐释三民主义,提倡恢复中国固有道德并对其作了现代式的阐释,奠定了国民党人对包括"忠孝"在内的中国固有道德的基本态度。抗战全面爆发后,蒋介石及国民党人在高扬民族主义旗帜之际,对包括"忠孝"在内的中国固有道德作了战时阐释。现代新儒家、战国策派对中国传统道德进行了深入探究,力图对"忠孝"观念作适乎时代的新解释。国民党着力阐述"对国家尽忠、对民族尽孝",强调忠于国民党及其领袖。新儒家从学理上阐明了忠孝观念与家族制度的关联,注重其内涵的转变,重忠轻孝,强调忠于民族国家。贺麟对传统"五伦"观念的阐释、冯友兰对"忠孝"观念的分析、梁漱溟及谢幼伟等人对孝与中国文化的关系阐述较为突出。以林同济等为代表的战国策派从所谓"大政治时代的世界"的角度,系统研究了中国传统"忠孝"观念,不仅对"忠孝"内涵作了适合战时需要的新阐释,而且公开提出"忠为第一""忠为百行先"的观点,强调"先忠后孝、忠在孝先"原则,主张扩大忠之范围,将"孝"局限于家庭之中。对"忠孝"观念进行现代阐释并促使其现代转化,成为中国传统道德现代化的重要途径。这样,作为儒家伦理核心的"忠孝"观念,在多元化的现代阐释中获得创造性转化之良机。
[Abstract]:In his later years, Sun Zhongshan reinterpreted the three people's principles, advocated the restoration of Chinese inherent morality and made a modern interpretation of it, which laid down the basic attitude of the Kuomintang towards the Chinese inherent morality, including "loyalty and filial piety". After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists, while raising the banner of nationalism, explained the inherent morality of China, including "loyalty and filial piety" in wartime. The modern Neo-Confucianism, the warring States policy party Chinese traditional morals has carried on the thorough exploration, tries to make the "loyal filial piety" the concept to be suitable for the times the new explanation. KMT stresses loyalty to the country and filial piety to the nation, emphasizing loyalty to the KMT and its leaders. The Neo-Confucianism expounded the relationship between the concept of loyalty and filial piety and the family system, paid attention to the change of its connotation, attached importance to loyalty and filial piety, and emphasized loyalty to the nation-state. He Lin's explanation of the traditional "five Lun" concept, Feng Youlan's analysis of "loyalty and filial piety", and Liang Shuming's and Xie Youwei's explanation of the relationship between filial piety and Chinese culture are more prominent. The warring States Policy School, represented by Lin Tongji, systematically studied the traditional Chinese concept of "loyalty and filial piety" from the point of view of the so-called "the world in the great political age", and not only made a new interpretation of the connotation of "loyalty and filial piety" in accordance with the needs of wartime. Moreover, the author openly puts forward the view that loyalty is the first, and emphasizes the principle of "filial piety after loyalty, filial piety before filial piety", and advocates expanding the scope of loyalty and limiting "filial piety" to the family. It is an important way for Chinese traditional moral modernization to explain the concept of loyalty and filial piety and promote its modern transformation. Thus, as the core of Confucian ethics, the concept of "loyalty and filial piety" obtains the opportunity of creative transformation in the pluralistic modern interpretation.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;河南大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(16KZD021)
【分类号】：B82-092;D693.0

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