论精神公共性危机及其重建

发布时间：2018-10-10 12:31

【摘要】：由人的本质所决定,在人的实际生活中,并不存在公共性的有无问题,存在的只是公共性的多少和实现方式问题。考察公共性的原始发生有两个基本的路径:系统论的奠基;生成论的奠基。前者讨论的是公共性何以可能的问题,亦即根据问题;后者研究的是公共性如何可能的问题,亦即环境与条件问题。在系统论奠基的视野内,公共性的需要奠基于人的片面性和非自足性之上;在生成论奠基的框架内,公共性表现为通过交换、交往,简言之通过合作所产生的"合作剩余"。"合作剩余"是公共性的重要标志,同时也是人的丰富性、全面性和多样性的重要表现。人类发展史就是一部不断创造公共性和实现公共性的过程。实质上,公共性的生成论奠基乃是系统论奠基的历史展开形式,这种历史展开主要有机械和有机两种方式;而就公共性的表现形态看,有经济形态、政治形态和文化精神形态三种形式,经济形态的公共性是基本的,政治形态的公共性是核心的,精神形态的公共性乃是终极的。无论何种形态,公共性的内容便是公共价值,而生成公共价值必须公开且充分运用公共理性。在市场社会,三种形态的公共性具有逻辑上的一致性。在世界历史交往不断普遍化和深化的背景下,尽管经济的和政治的公共性存在着诸多问题,但精神形态之公共性的危机却是根本性的、全局性的。
[Abstract]:According to the nature of human beings, there is no question of public nature in real life, but only the number of publicity and the way of realization. There are two basic ways to investigate the origin of publicity: the foundation of system theory and the foundation of generative theory. The former discusses the question of how publicity is possible, that is, according to the problem, and the latter studies how publicity is possible, that is, the problem of environment and conditions. In the vision of the foundation of system theory, the need for publicity is based on the one-sidedness and non-self-sufficiency of man, and within the framework of the foundation of generationism, publicity is manifested as "cooperative surplus" through exchange, communication and, in short, cooperation. " Cooperative surplus "is an important symbol of publicity, and also an important manifestation of human richness, comprehensiveness and diversity." The history of human development is a process of creating and realizing publicity. In essence, the foundation of the generative theory of publicity is the form of historical expansion of the foundation of the system theory, which mainly consists of two ways: mechanical and organic, and in terms of the manifestation of publicity, there is an economic form. The publicity of the economic form is the basic, the publicity of the political form is the core, and the publicity of the spiritual form is the ultimate. No matter what form, the content of publicity is public value, and the generation of public value must be open and make full use of public rationality. In the market society, the publicity of the three forms has logical consistency. Under the background of the constant generalization and deepening of the world historical communication, although there are many problems in the publicity of economy and politics, the crisis of the publicity of the spiritual form is fundamental and overall.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学哲学与社会学学院;
【分类号】：B82-05

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