论《孟子》德性修养过程中的道德失败
发布时间：2018-10-10 15:44
【摘要】：通过对孟子德性修养过程的讨论,可以为信广来指出的孟子关于道德失败问题中存在的两点疑难给出解释:耳目之官是否为道德失败负全责,"心"又和道德失败的关系如何;名誉的追求为何一方面呈现积极的道德意义,另一方面又成为道德失败的缘由。从德性发展作为一个过程来看,一方面存在着阶段性的道德评价标准,另一方面又存在着一个最高的道德准则,这使得孟子对道德失败的问题在不同的文本中表现出截然不同的态度。通过对道德失败不同层面的分析,我们发现在《孟子》中可以解读出从社会性欲求与儒家伦理之结合的德性发展维度。在这一维度中"他人的认同"和"好名"比起感官欲望的追求来说,有着更高的道德价值。虽然"好名"比起最终的道德动机之纯粹是一种道德失败,但是在能够放弃物质欲求而实践儒家伦理方面又有着积极的意义。在道德失败问题上,"好名"所象征的人的社会性一面可能在整个德性养成中成为一个重要的中介环节。在德性修养的实践层面上,这样一种对人的社会性发展过程的肯定也可能为从"四端"到"四德"逻辑上推类和情感上扩充所不能解决的德性发展的问题提供新的解决思路。
[Abstract]:By discussing the process of Mencius' moral accomplishment, we can explain two difficulties in Mencius' moral failure: whether the officials of eyes and ears are fully responsible for moral failure, and what is the relationship between "heart" and moral failure; On the one hand, the pursuit of reputation presents positive moral significance, on the other hand, it becomes the cause of moral failure. From the point of view of the development of virtue as a process, on the one hand, there is a stage of moral evaluation standard, on the other hand, there is a highest moral standard. This makes Mencius show different attitudes to moral failure in different texts. Through the analysis of different levels of moral failure, we find that in Mencius, we can interpret the development dimension of virtue from the combination of social desire and Confucian ethics. In this dimension, "recognition of others" and "good name" have higher moral value than the pursuit of sensual desire. Although "good name" is a kind of moral failure compared with the ultimate moral motive, it has positive significance in the aspect of being able to give up material desire and practice Confucian ethics. On the issue of moral failure, the social aspect of the person symbolized by "good name" may become an important intermediary link in the whole cultivation of virtue. On the practical level of virtue cultivation, the affirmation of the process of human social development may also provide a new way to solve the problem of moral development which can not be solved logically from "four ends" to "four virtues" and emotional expansion.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-092
本文编号：2262344
[Abstract]:By discussing the process of Mencius' moral accomplishment, we can explain two difficulties in Mencius' moral failure: whether the officials of eyes and ears are fully responsible for moral failure, and what is the relationship between "heart" and moral failure; On the one hand, the pursuit of reputation presents positive moral significance, on the other hand, it becomes the cause of moral failure. From the point of view of the development of virtue as a process, on the one hand, there is a stage of moral evaluation standard, on the other hand, there is a highest moral standard. This makes Mencius show different attitudes to moral failure in different texts. Through the analysis of different levels of moral failure, we find that in Mencius, we can interpret the development dimension of virtue from the combination of social desire and Confucian ethics. In this dimension, "recognition of others" and "good name" have higher moral value than the pursuit of sensual desire. Although "good name" is a kind of moral failure compared with the ultimate moral motive, it has positive significance in the aspect of being able to give up material desire and practice Confucian ethics. On the issue of moral failure, the social aspect of the person symbolized by "good name" may become an important intermediary link in the whole cultivation of virtue. On the practical level of virtue cultivation, the affirmation of the process of human social development may also provide a new way to solve the problem of moral development which can not be solved logically from "four ends" to "four virtues" and emotional expansion.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-092
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