S维度论—跨文化交际中的个人主义与集体主义

发布时间：2021-01-13 22:01

　　自从霍夫斯泰德1980年对跨文化领域进行开创性研究以来,大量的研究者把对这一领域的研究重点放在了个人主义和集体主义上。许多学者都延续了霍夫斯泰德的研究成果,将个人主义和集体主义看作同一文化维度上的两极。然而,当泰安迪斯1990年对这两种倾向进行实证性研究时发现,个人主义和集体主义并没有表现出必然的相关性。他的研究强调了文化内的多样性,即受跨文化交际的影响,同一文化背景的人会表现得既个人主义又集体主义。因此,个人主义和集体主义的维度形式也发生了质变,二元个人主义与集体主义已经不再是准确的阐述。太极理论和太极图所表征的是事物阴阳平衡、相互转化、互相渗透的原理。跨文化交际中的个人主义与集体主义同样也是一个太极,它是冲突与和谐的统一体。假定集体主义为阳因子,则个人主义为阴因子,则二者间的相关性可置换成集体主义与个人主义的冲突与协调,最终走向融合。而太极图中的处于“阴”、“阳”之间的“S”曲线显示:阴（个人主义）阳（集体主义）是互补的,是相互依存、相互作用的,它们共同构成了世界上价值观的基本类型,两两之间也同样存在着一个“最优值”,即在跨文化交际中如何在个人主义与集体主义二者之间互相取长补短,吸... 

【文章来源】：河北农业大学河北省

【文章页数】：62 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
1 Introduction
    1.1 Rationale and Purpose of the Study
    1.2 Possible Significance of the Study
    1.3 Overall Structure of the Thesis
2 Literature Review of Individualism and Collectivism
    2.1 Hofstede’s Individualism/Collectivism Dimension
    2.2 The Individualism/Collectivism Theory of Triandis
        2.2.1 The Definition of the Self
        2.2.2 The Relative Importance of Personal and Communal Goals
        2.2.3 The Relative Importance of Personal Attitude and Social Norms
        2.2.4 The Relative Importance of Goal and Interpersonal Relationship on Individual
    2.3 Criticism of Hofstede’s Individualism/Collectivism Theory
        2.3.1 The Limitations Noted by Hofstede
        2.3.2 Schwartz’s Criticism （1994）
        2.3.3 Oyserman’s Criticism （2002）
        2.3.4 Baskerville’s Criticism （2003）
        2.3.5 Other Criticisms
3 Research Methodology
    3.1 Subjects
    3.2 Instrument
    3.3 Data Analysis
4 Appearance of the S-dimension Theory
    4.1 Modernization Theory
    4.2 Cultural Crossvergence Theory
    4.3 Connotation of S-dimension Theory
5 S-dimension theory---individualism/collectivism in working groups
    5.1 Finding Places in Working Groups
        5.1.1 Competition among Members
        5.1.2 Leadership
    5.2 Establishing Values in Working Groups
        5.2.1 Commitment of Individualists and Collectivists
        5.2.2 Decision-making of Individualists and Collectivists
        5.2.3 Boundaries of Individualists and Collectivists
        5.2.4 Group Roles of Individualists and Collectivists
    5.3 Achieving Results in Working Groups
        5.3.1 Implementing Decisions
        5.3.2 Getting resources
        5.3.3.E valuating outcomes
        5.3.4 Rewarding
6 S-dimension theory---individualism/collectivism in daily life
    6.1 Family
    6.2 Friendship
    6.3 Language Courtesy
    6.4 Face
7 Conclusion
    7.1 Major Findings
    7.2 Implications
    7.3 Limitations
References
Appendices
Introduction of the Author
Publications During the Program
Acknowledgment



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