试论跨国公司的伦理问题

发布时间：2016-05-28 13:00

  本文关键词：试论跨国公司的伦理问题，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

试论跨国公司的伦理问题

     2009-7-19 10:53:27     来源：     

　　论文标题试论跨国公司的伦理问题
Try on the Problem of Multinational Company Ethics
论文作者窦莉梅
论文导师高静文,论文学位硕士,论文专业马克思主义哲学
论文单位新疆大学,点击次数0,论文页数90页File Size446k
2004-04-20跨国公司伦理;跨国公司伦理冲突;建构跨国公司伦理
multinational company ethics;confliction of multinational company ethics;construction of multinational company ethics
跨国公司作为经济全球化的主要经济载体，在很大程度上改变了人类社会的生产和生活方式，日益成为世界经济命脉的掌握者。作为一个开放的、大力发展经济的中国，渴望跨国公司能带来先进的科学技术和管理理念。但是，有的跨国公司在资金、技术、人力资源及生态环境等方面并没有给东道国带来预期的发展，相反却加剧了东道国经济发展的依赖性和生态环境的破坏。本文运用理论与实践相结合的方法，由具体到抽象对比分析了跨国公司伦理的特点、冲突及其原因，试图在法律和国际规则等背景机制尚不健全的情况下，建构一个能代表双方经济利益和价值观的伦理规范体系，从而为跨国公司在我国顺利经营、实现双方的预期经济利益和社会利益提供理论和实践的指导。本论文分三章。第一章主要论述跨国公司伦理的本质和特征。跨国公司伦理是关于跨国公司道德的本质、特征及其规范的理论体系，是调节跨国公司关系的道德准则。跨国公司伦理把跨国公司与东道国的利益与伦理结合起来，形成指导跨国公司行<WP=3>为的基本规范。跨国公司伦理的本质是由市场经济决定的，而不是一个简单的超越任何经济体制和意识形态的合并同类项。跨国公司遵循市场经济规律，也就必然遵守市场经济制度中蕴涵的道德要求，因为跨国公司的伦理定向只有借助于市场和一定的秩序才能导入企业。市场经济既为跨国公司在东道国经营提供了可能性和条件，又决定了跨国公司伦理的本质。与企业伦理、各国伦理和全球伦理不同，跨国公司伦理的特点是：（一）跨国公司伦理是企业伦理的一个特殊而重要的内容，它体现跨国公司原籍国和东道国的企业伦理。（二）跨国公司伦理以各国伦理为基础，体现了原籍国和东道国的国家伦理和价值观，，同时跨国公司具有对自身和东道国的双向伦理责任。（三）跨国公司伦理具有实践性、主体性、相对性，更强调微观伦理价值。其实质是经济伦理，以跨国公司的经济利益为首要目的，因此具有很强的实践性。跨国公司自身是其伦理责任的承担者，更强调一种微观的伦理价值。第二章论述我国跨国公司伦理的冲突及其原因。从道德原则分析，中国的集体主义与西方的个人主义相冲突；从道德规范分析，中国追求“重义轻利”与西方的“重利轻义”相冲突 。中国的“义”成为最基本的价值取向和最高行为<WP=4>准则，西方社会强调个人“利”的获得；从道德观念分析，中西方的幸福观、荣誉观和公正观有很大的冲突。中国人以自我牺牲为前提使他人或整体获得幸福为幸福。西方的幸福观则以不损害个人的幸福为前提。中国人的荣誉总是与履行社会义务相一致,西方的荣誉观是以财富和特权为基础的。在公正观上，以跨国公司对员工同工不同酬的矛盾为主。之所以产生这些冲突的原因在于：中西方意识形态的差异、思维模式的差异、传统文化的差异、人际关系的差异和人格观念的差异。中西方不同思维模式是跨国公司各种冲突的主要根源，中国传统文化与西方传统文化的冲突是跨国公司伦理冲突的主要原因，并导致了双方人际关系和人格观念的差异。每一种差异都在更深层次上体现出了跨国公司与其利益相关者的冲突，对诸多矛盾的分析为建构我国跨公司统一的伦理奠定基础。第三章是论文的重点。本章旨在建立适合中国的跨国公司的伦理规范。首先论述建构我国跨国公司伦理的必然性是：经济全球化的客观要求，市场经济的必然要求，跨国公司自身发展的内在要求。经济全球化要求跨国公司在多元文化的背景中去寻求一种共同的伦理规范；市场经济要求跨国公司必须按照市场规则合乎伦理地进入市场，要求跨国公司<WP=5>各方都应当遵守等价交换、平等互利的道德规范；树立公平竞争、诚信经营的道德观念。跨国公司自身的发展要求各方面伦理冲突的同一，作为外在社会规范性的各国不同的道德要逐步转化为跨国公司统一的道德。然后论述西方跨国公司伦理模式。其建构的依据、主要的伦理观和基本准则对建构我国跨国公司伦理有很大的借鉴意义。目的论、义务论和综合契约论是西方跨国公司伦理建构的主要依据。目的论使得跨国公司伦理在评价行为后果时，完全取决于它是否带来最佳结果或最大的共同幸福。跨国公司在最初发展的时候，大多采用这一方法。组织和个体的唯一目的是为母国和总公司获取利益。然而，在公平作为市场经济的首要条件下，以不择手段地完全牺牲他人的利益来达到自己的目的的行为必然不会为任何一方接受；义务论认为正当的行为与产生的结果无关。行为的道德价值只有在行为人的意图和实现这个意图的勇气之中才能发现。一个超越一切的绝对道德原则在跨国公司的经济生活中只是一个理想，但是它为跨国公司建构伦理规范提供了另一种思路；综合契约论以“超规范”、“真实伦理规范”、“道德自由空间”三个概念构成一个在全球经济交往中假设存在的一种广义契约。综合契约论的哲学基础是一种多元论和不可知论。它的理论框架是要在一个日益国<WP=6>际化的经济环境中阐述伦理问题，试图在地方性伦理与普遍的伦理标准之间进行调和。综合契约论将宏观契约和微观契约，理想与现存相结合，让“应然”与“实然”处于共生的和谐之中。微观契约弥补了宏观契约不明确东西，为
As a main economy media of economy globalization, multinational company has changed the way of social production and living to a great extent, and it is becoming a holder of world economic artery. China, an opening and economy developing country, is longing for advanced idea of management and science and technology which the multinational company will bring about. As a matter of fact, some multinational companies enhanced the dependence of economy development and the ruin of ecological environment in host country rather than the expected development which the host country has desired for foreign investment, technology, human resource and ecological environment. The thesis applies the philosophic method of theory and practice combination, from concrete to abstract, analyzes in contrast the characteristics, confliction and its cause of multinational company ethics, aims to reconstruct an ethic norms system which can reflect their different economy benefits and values, provides the guide for smooth management of multinational company in theory and practice in order to realize benefits and social benefits for two parts. This thesis is divided into three chapters. <WP=10>Chapter one discusses the essence and characteristics of multinational company ethics. Multinational company ethics refers to a theory system of moral essence, characteristics and its norms on multinational company. It combines benefits and ethics of multinational company and host country, and forms basic moral norms to regulate the relationship of multinational company and to direct it’s behavior. The essence of multinational company is decided by market economy instead of a simple merging like term which surpasses any economy system and consciousness appearance. Multinational company follows the laws of market economy, so follows the moral requests which market economy own，because the direction of ethics will be lead into an enterprise only by means of market and a certain order. Market not only provides possibilities and condition for the management of multinational company, but also decides the essence of multinational company. Different from enterprise ethics, nation ethics and world ethics, the characteristics of multinational company ethics are: (Ⅰ) multinational company ethics is a special and important part of enterprise ethics which embodies enterprise ethics of original country and host country; (Ⅱ) multinational company ethics is based on different nation ethics which embodies different nation ethics of original country and host country, and undertakes ethic duty for two parts; (Ⅲ) multinational company ethics is of the <WP=11>kind of practice, ,implement and relativity, furthermore, it emphasizes on micro ethic values.Chapter two discusses the confliction and its cause of multinational company in China. On moral principle, the collectivism in China is in confliction with individualism in western society; On moral norms, the western are opposite to Chinese who seek for morals but despises benefits. Morals are the most basic direction of values and the highest behavior principles in China, compared with it, the western society emphasizes to gain individual benefits; On moral idea, there is much confliction between the view of happiness , the view of honor and the view of fair. Chinese take the happiness of others or collectives as his own, but the western view of happiness is that others should not damage his own happiness. The honor of Chinese is always in accordance with practicing social duty, but the westerns’ is based on wealth and privilege; the employees cannot get the same awards with the same labor on the view of honor. The reason that creates these confliction is as follows: the difference between consciousness appearance, the difference between mode of thinking, the difference between traditional culture, the difference between social interaction and the difference between personnel idea, which all happen between China and western countries. The difference between mode of thinking is the original cause. The conflictio

  本文关键词：试论跨国公司的伦理问题，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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