论火灾物证鉴定制度

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:31

本文选题：火灾　切入点：物证　出处：《中国政法大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着社会主义市场经济的发展和法制化进程的深入，以及我国司法制度改革的深化，火灾物证鉴定作为一种能够为认定起火的原因、确定火灾性质和认定火灾责任提供科学依据的方法和手段，在火灾调查中起到越来越重要的作用。为促进我国火灾调查工作与时俱进地发展，推动火灾物证鉴定的改革，使火灾物证鉴定规范化、制度化。本文以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义思想为指导，依据司法鉴定的基本理论，，综合应用系统的、比较的和实证的研究方法，针对我国目前火灾物证鉴定工作中存在的问题，借鉴国内外司法鉴定改革的成功经验，对构建我国火灾物证鉴定制度化进行了理性的分析和探讨。本文分六节内容对火灾物证鉴定制度进行了论述：第一节，物证鉴定制度概述。该部分对火灾物证、火灾物证鉴定和火灾物证鉴定制度等基本概念进行了界定和区分，并简要地回顾了我国火灾物证鉴定的发展历史，总结了火灾物证鉴定工作中存在的问题。第二节，火灾物证鉴定制度的基本原则。该部分遵循火灾物证鉴定活动所具有的特有规律，依据裁判公正、程序正义的基本法律精神，立足中国国情，确立了火灾物证鉴定制度的四个基本原则：科学性原则、合法性原则、独立性原则、现实性原则。第三节，火灾物证鉴定的主体。该部分论述了火灾物证鉴定机构设立的条件和体制、鉴定人的资格条件、权利义务和法律责任等方面。第四节，火灾物证鉴定的客体。火灾物证鉴定客体是为了解决专门性问题而提交鉴定的物品和痕迹，即火灾现场勘查中发现和收集的各种物证。由于火灾现场的物质种类繁多，燃烧形式各异，因此火灾现场遗留的物品和痕迹多种多样，该部分介绍了14种火灾现场最常见的物品和痕迹表现形式。第五节，火灾物证鉴定的程序。该部分对鉴定程序中火灾物证鉴定的决定、鉴定的委托、鉴定的受理、鉴定的实施、鉴定结论的出具、补充鉴定、重新鉴定、复核鉴定、鉴定人作证等各阶段中可能存在的问题及需要注意的事项进行了说明。第六节，鉴定结论的法律效力。该部分包括火灾物证鉴定结论法律地位的确立、火灾物证鉴定结论的审查和火灾物证鉴定结论的运用三方面的内容。
[Abstract]:With the development of the socialist market economy and the deepening of the legalization process, as well as the deepening of the reform of the judicial system in China, the identification of fire evidence, as a kind of cause that can be identified as the cause of the fire, The methods and means of determining the nature of fire and providing scientific basis for determining fire responsibility play a more and more important role in fire investigation. In order to promote the development of fire investigation in China with the times, and to promote the reform of fire evidence identification, This paper, guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism, synthetically applies systematic, comparative and empirical research methods according to the basic theory of forensic identification. In view of the problems existing in the work of fire evidence identification in our country at present, and drawing on the successful experience of domestic and foreign judicial appraisal reform, this paper makes a rational analysis and discussion on the construction of the systematization of fire evidence identification in our country. This paper discusses the system of fire evidence identification in six sections. The first section is an overview of the appraisal system of physical evidence. This part defines and distinguishes the basic concepts of fire evidence, fire evidence identification and fire evidence identification system, and briefly reviews the development history of fire evidence identification in China. The problems in fire evidence identification are summarized. Section II, the basic principles of the fire evidence appraisal system. This part follows the unique law of the fire evidence identification activities, according to the basic legal spirit of fair judgment and procedural justice, and is based on the national conditions of China. Four basic principles of fire evidence appraisal system are established: scientific principle, legality principle, independence principle and reality principle. The third section, the subject of fire evidence identification, discusses the conditions and system of fire identification institution, qualification conditions, rights and obligations, legal liability and so on. Section 4th, the object of fire evidence identification. The object of fire evidence identification is the object and trace submitted for identification in order to solve the problem of specialty, that is, all kinds of physical evidence found and collected in the fire scene survey. Because of the wide variety of materials in the fire scene, Because of the variety of burning forms, there are a variety of items and traces left over from the fire site. This part introduces 14 kinds of most common items and trace forms in the fire scene. Section 5th, procedures for the identification of fire evidence. This part decides on the identification of fire evidence in the identification procedure, entrusts, accepts, implements, issues, supplements, reappraises, and reexamines the appraisal conclusion. The possible problems and matters needing attention in various stages such as expert testimony are explained. Section 6th, the legal effect of the appraisal conclusion. This part includes the establishment of the legal status of the fire evidence identification conclusion, the examination of the fire material evidence appraisal conclusion and the application of the fire material evidence appraisal conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D918.9

【引证文献】