酷刑犯罪研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:13

本文选题：酷刑 + 犯罪　；参考：《中国政法大学》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着人权观念特别是国际人权保护工作的加强，酷刑日益受到国际社会的强烈谴责和各国法律的普遍禁止。我国党和政府历来反对酷刑。1988年我国加入禁止酷刑公约后，反酷刑的理论研究和国际合作不断加强。本文力求理论联系实际，旨在围绕酷刑的历史沿革、立法概况、犯罪特征、治理对策等问题，对酷刑犯罪作初步探讨研究。正文共分五章。第一章：“古代酷刑的历史演变”；第二章：“现代反酷刑立法概述”；第三章：“酷刑犯罪的概念与构成要件”；第四章：“我国酷刑犯罪的特点、危害与成因”；第五章：“惩治和防范酷刑犯罪的法律思考”。第一章介绍酷刑的概念与一般理解，系统概述古代中外酷刑的表现形式、历史发展和演变过程，比较中国和西方主要资本主义国家废止酷刑的简要历程，揭示酷刑犯罪存在的社会、历史和文化背景。第二章详细介绍和评述国际公约、国外国内关于酷刑犯罪的立法状况，比较现代反酷刑立法的特点和犯罪构成。第三章详述酷刑犯罪的概念、构成要件及基本类型。笔者认为，酷刑犯罪是国家工作人员或依法行使国家工作人员职权的其他人，利用职权，使用暴力摧残或精神折磨的方法，故意使犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、被害人、证人、被监禁者或其他人遭受肉体上或精神上剧烈疼痛或痛苦，依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。酷刑犯罪的主体是特殊主体；客体是复杂客体，既侵犯了国家机关及其工作人员行使职权的正当性，也侵犯了受害人的人身权利；主观方面是故意，即酷刑行为是行为人蓄意实施的，过失不构成酷刑犯罪；行为特征是使用暴力摧残或精神折磨的方法，使受害人遭受肉体上或精神上剧烈疼痛或痛苦的行为。第四章具体论述我国酷刑犯罪的主要特点、社会危害与犯罪成因，分析探讨我国酷刑犯罪的基本现状，为提出防治对策提供现实基础。 WP=3第五章从惩治与防范两个方面提出治理酷刑犯罪的几点建议：1、修改完善惩治防范酷刑犯罪的立法规定；2、改进惩治和防范酷刑犯罪的执法机制；3、增强民主法治意识，完善反酷刑保障制度。酷刑犯罪是国内、国际刑法规定的重要内容，，也是理论研究和司法实践的热点和难点问题，具有丰富而复杂的内涵，研究难度很大。笔者才学浅疏，加上占有资料不足，对酷刑犯罪的研究难免肤浅，并存在错误之处，恳请师长和同仁批评指正。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of the concept of human rights, especially the international protection of human rights, torture is increasingly condemned by the international community and universally prohibited by national laws. Our party and government have always opposed torture. After China joined the Convention against torture in 1988, the theoretical research and international cooperation against torture have been strengthened. The purpose of this paper is to make a preliminary study on the crime of torture, focusing on the historical evolution of torture, the general situation of legislation, the characteristics of crime, the countermeasures of governance, and so on. The text is divided into five chapters. Chapter one: "Historical Evolution of Ancient torture"; Chapter two: "Overview of Modern Anti-torture legislation"; Chapter three: "Concepts and Constitutive elements of the Crime of torture"; Chapter four: "characteristics, harm and causes of torture crimes in China"; Chapter five: legal thinking on punishing and preventing the Crime of torture. The first chapter introduces the concept and general understanding of torture, systematically summarizes the manifestations, historical development and evolution of torture in ancient China and foreign countries, and compares the brief course of abolishing torture between China and the major capitalist countries in the West. To reveal the social, historical and cultural background of the existence of the crime of torture. The second chapter introduces and comments on the international conventions, the legislative situation of the crime of torture at home and abroad, the characteristics of the modern anti-torture legislation and the constitution of the crime. The third chapter describes the concept of the crime of torture, elements and basic types. The author believes that the crime of torture is a crime of torture, which is used by state functionaries or other persons who exercise the functions and powers of state functionaries according to law, to make use of their functions and powers, to use the method of violent destruction or mental torture, to deliberately make the suspects, defendants, victims, witnesses, An act punishable by law by a prisoner or other person who suffers severe physical or mental pain or suffering. The subject of the crime of torture is a special subject, the object is a complex object, which not only infringes on the legitimacy of the exercise of functions and powers of state organs and their staff, but also infringes on the personal rights of the victims. That is, the act of torture is deliberately committed by the perpetrator, and negligence does not constitute a crime of torture; it is characterized by the use of methods of violence or mental torture to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering on the victim. The fourth chapter discusses the main characteristics of the crime of torture in China, social harm and the causes of the crime, analyzes the basic situation of the crime of torture in China, and provides a practical basis for the prevention and treatment of the crime. The fifth chapter of WP=3 puts forward several suggestions on how to control the crime of torture from the aspects of punishment and prevention, to amend and perfect the legislative provisions of preventing the crime of torture, to improve the law enforcement mechanism of punishing and preventing the crime of torture, and to strengthen the consciousness of democracy and rule by law. We will improve the system of safeguarding against torture. The crime of torture is an important content of domestic and international criminal law, and also a hot and difficult problem in theoretical research and judicial practice. It has rich and complex connotation and is very difficult to study. Due to the lack of knowledge and lack of information, the research on the crime of torture is inevitably superficial, and there are some mistakes, so I ask my teachers and colleagues to criticize and correct it.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D917

【引证文献】