警察滥用行政强制措施内部防范机制研究

发布时间：2019-05-19 13:40

【摘要】：行政强制措施是警察为了实现有效的行政管理所必不可少的手段和经常使用的措施，对警察行政目的的实现发挥了非常重要的作用；尤其是在需要行政相对人配合但是行政相对人不配合的情况下赋予警察强制的权力以保证行政目的的实现。可是在现实环境下，警察行政强制措施的实施效果却不尽如人意，警察违反立法目的和程序规定的情况不时见诸于报端,有时还引起行政诉讼。从某种程度上来说，警察组织对行政强制措施的滥用已经成为了警察权力滥用，甚至行政权力滥用的“重灾区”。警察行政强制措施是以牺牲或限制行政相对人的权益为代价换取警察行政目的的实现。所以一旦被滥用，对行政相对人的权益、社会和谐和我国法制化进程都会造成极大的损害。这里就产生了一个矛盾：一方面，警察行政强制措施在警察行政管理过程中发挥的巨大作用；另一方面，其极其容易被滥用且现实中也确实发生了种种滥用；故此，如何合法、准确地实施警察行政强制措施以符合依法行政的要求是当前摆在警察组织面前的一个问题。虽然我们欣喜地看到，我国终于在2011年6月30日第十一届全国人大常委会第二十一次会议通过了《中华人民共和国行政强制法》，但与此同时我们也应该清醒地看到，由于该法是新近通过，警察实施过程中有时候并不能准确运用，甚至有些地方继续沿用以前不规范的做法，给行政强制措施的实施带来极大的混乱。在执法中违法、滥用行政强制措施以及混淆适用其他行政措施等问题表现得尤其突出；严重影响了警察行政强制措施功能的正常发挥。鉴于此，本文以贴近警察实践为目的，以滥用为切入点，在比较我国与国外警察行政强制措施内涵的基础上，通过对警察实践中发生的一些真实案例进行分类评析，归纳出当前警察组织容易滥用行政强制措施和找出警察在滥用行政强制措施的背后所存在的的原因。并在此基础上，借鉴国外在防范警察滥用行政强制措施方面的成果和经验，在肯定外部防控效果的同时，将焦点聚集于内部防控角度，从完善激励机制、加强培训和加强内部机构监督等三个方面提出我国在防范警察行政强制措施滥用方面的设想和建议；本文试图抛砖引玉，，以初步的探讨引发对警察滥用行政强制措施的关注和研究，从而对防范警察滥用行政强制措施有所助益。
[Abstract]:Administrative coercive measures are indispensable means and measures often used by the police in order to achieve effective administrative management, and play a very important role in the realization of the administrative purpose of the police. Especially in the case of the need for the cooperation of the administrative counterpart but the lack of cooperation of the administrative counterpart, the police are given compulsory power to ensure the realization of the administrative purpose. However, in the real environment, the implementation effect of police administrative coercive measures is not satisfactory, police violations of legislative purposes and procedural provisions are seen in the newspaper from time to time, and sometimes lead to administrative litigation. To some extent, the abuse of administrative coercive measures by police organizations has become a "disaster area" of police power abuse, and even administrative power abuse. The compulsory measure of police administration is to sacrifice or limit the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart in exchange for the realization of the administrative purpose of the police. Therefore, once abused, it will cause great damage to the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart, social harmony and the process of legalization in our country. There is a contradiction here: on the one hand, the coercive measures of police administration play a great role in the process of police administration; on the other hand, they are extremely easy to be abused and do occur all kinds of abuse in reality; Therefore, how to carry out the compulsory measures of police administration legally and accurately to meet the requirements of administration according to law is a problem in front of police organizations at present. Although we are pleased to see that China finally adopted the Administrative compulsory Law of the people's Republic of China at the 21st session of the standing Committee of the 11th National people's Congress on June 30, 2011, at the same time, we should also be soberly aware of the fact that, Because the law is recently passed, the police sometimes can not be used accurately in the process of implementation, and even some places continue to follow the previous practice of non-standard, which brings great confusion to the implementation of administrative coercive measures. The problems of illegal law enforcement, abuse of administrative coercive measures and confusion and application of other administrative measures are particularly prominent, which seriously affect the normal play of the function of police administrative coercive measures. In view of this, this paper takes close to the police practice as the purpose, takes the abuse as the breakthrough point, on the basis of comparing the connotation of the police administrative coercive measures between our country and the foreign countries, through the classification and analysis of some real cases in the police practice. This paper sums up that the current police organizations are prone to abuse of administrative coercive measures and finds out the reasons behind the abuse of administrative coercive measures by the police. On this basis, drawing lessons from the achievements and experience of foreign countries in preventing the abuse of administrative coercive measures by the police, while confirming the effect of external prevention and control, the focus will be focused on the internal prevention and control point of view, from the improvement of the incentive mechanism. This paper puts forward some ideas and suggestions on preventing the abuse of police administrative coercive measures in our country from three aspects: strengthening training and strengthening the supervision of internal institutions. This paper attempts to draw attention to the abuse of administrative coercive measures by the police in order to arouse attention and research on the abuse of administrative coercive measures by the police, which is helpful to prevent the abuse of administrative coercive measures by the police.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.14;D631.1

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