法国地方分权改革与府际关系的变迁

发布时间：2018-02-16 05:28

  本文关键词： 地方分权 权力下放 府际关系 属地原则 民主发展 法国　出处：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以1982年地方分权改革与法国府际关系的变迁为研究对象,将之置于法国国家构建与政治治理变迁的发展脉络中,在世界新公共管理运动的背景下,探讨法国地方各级政府的结构与治理特征,分析地方分权改革对法国府际关系的影响。地方分权改革前法国中央集权的体制里包含诸多分权因素,这是社会党崛起于地方得以进行地方分权的制度条件。地方组织机构与层级的多元阻碍中央对地方的垂直控制,多党制与多元选举体制在地方造就复杂的地方执政网络,多元思想理论形成对中央集权的冲击,欧盟发展更是从外部消解着主权国家的权威。法国地方分权改革以政治分权、行政分权、职能分权、机构分权、法人分权、立法分权、政党分权与社会分权的方式,从中央政府向地方政府、公务法人和社会转移权力。保留国家驻地方机构的同时,法国在地方形成偏重“自治之责”的市镇、“统治之责”的省级和“治理职责”的大区三级自治政府,存在市镇联合体等地域公务法人,文教、商业、行会等诸多公务法人,不同性质的参与主体构成法国地方治理网络,地方分权改革前法国已经呈现分权化的特征。地方分权改革在分权的同时亦在收权,地方权力的实施被施加诸多限制,改革后府际关系依然受制于各种集权。国家和中央政府通过驻地方的国家代表确保政治统一,通过中央各部驻地方的职能部门确保行政一致,通过行政部门保留的立法权力确保立法统一,通过政党政治把地方选举纳入全国选举体系,通过大区计划合同确保经济一致,通过刚性与柔性并举的控制手段确保中央对地方的控制与影响力。法国的分权改革有其理论根基与制度框架。法国国家构建从民族国家、宪政国家到民主国家的发展,政府治理历经科层政府、合同政府和整体政府,前者作为法国地方改革的地基,后者作为改革得以进行的框架,使得法国地方分权改革更像是在房屋打好地基、搭建框架之后的内部装修,而不是彻底推翻重来。地基和框架作为法国政治和社会进行改革与发展默而不宣的存在,作为西方宪政国家共识性的存在,值得后发展国家在进行分权改革时借鉴与注意。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the reform of decentralization in 1982 and the change of the relationship between the French governments as the research object, puts it in the development context of the French national construction and the change of political governance, under the background of the new public management movement in the world. This paper probes into the structure and governance characteristics of local governments in France, and analyzes the influence of the reform of decentralization on the relations between French governments. Before the reform of decentralization, there were many factors of decentralization in the centralization system of France. This is the institutional condition for the rise of the Socialist Party in the local areas for decentralization. The pluralism of local organizations and levels hinders the central authorities' vertical control of the localities, and the multi-party system and the pluralistic electoral system create a complex local governance network in the local areas. The formation of pluralistic ideology and theory has an impact on the centralization of power, and the development of the European Union dispels the authority of the sovereign state from the outside. The reform of decentralization in France is based on political decentralization, administrative decentralization, functional decentralization, institutional decentralization, legal person decentralization and legislative decentralization. Decentralization of political parties and social decentralization, transfer of power from central to local governments, public legal persons and society... while retaining the local presence of the State, In France, cities and towns with a particular emphasis on the "responsibility of self-government", and three levels of autonomous governments at the provincial and regional levels with "responsibility of rule" and "responsibilities of governance" have been formed in France. There are regional public legal persons, such as commune consortia, cultural, educational, commercial, trade, trade, and so on, as well as many other public legal persons. Different nature of the participants constitute the French local governance network. Before the decentralization reform, France has shown the characteristics of decentralization. The decentralization reform is also in the process of reclaiming power, and the implementation of local power is restricted by many restrictions. After the reform, inter-governmental relations are still subject to various types of centralization. The State and the central government ensure political unity through the local representatives of the State, and the administrative coherence through the local functions of the central ministries. Ensuring legislative unity through legislative authority retained by the executive branch, integration of local elections into the national electoral system through party politics, and ensuring economic consistency through regional planning contracts, The reform of decentralization in France has its theoretical foundation and institutional framework. The French state is built from a nation-state, a constitutional state to a democratic state. Governance has gone through layers of government, contract governments, and overall governments, the former as the foundation of local reforms in France, and the latter as the framework within which the reforms were carried out, making the decentralization reforms in France more like laying foundations on houses. The interior decoration after the construction of the framework, rather than overthrowing it completely. The foundation and the framework as the tacit existence of the French political and social reform and development, as well as the existence of the consensus of the Western constitutional states, It is worth learning from and paying attention to the reform of decentralization in the later developing countries.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D756.5
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本文编号：1514766